diff --git a/docs/1b/math119.md b/docs/1b/math119.md index c53058f..128df0b 100644 --- a/docs/1b/math119.md +++ b/docs/1b/math119.md @@ -64,3 +64,47 @@ In practice, this means that if any two paths result in different limits, the li Therefore the limit does not exist. +## Partial derivatives + +Partial derivatives have multiple different symbols that all mean the same thing: + +$$\frac{\partial f}{\partial x}=\partial_x f=f_x$$ + +For two-input-variable equations, setting one of the input variables to a constant will return the derivative of the slice at that constant. + +By definition, the **partial** derivative of $f$ with respect to $x$ (in the x-direction) at point $(a, B)$ is: + +$$\frac{\partial f}{\partial x}(a, B)=\lim_{h\to 0}\frac{f(a+h, B)-f(a, B)}{h}$$ + +Effectively: + + - if finding $f_x$, $y$ should be treated as constant. + - if finding $f_y$, $x$ should be treated as constant. + +!!! example + With the function $f(x,y)=x^2\sqrt{y}+\cos\pi y$: + + \begin{align*} + f_x(1,1)&=\lim_{h\to 0}\frac{f(1+h,1)-f(1,1)} h \\ + \tag*{$f(1,1)=1+\cos\pi=0$}&=\lim_{h\to 0}\frac{(1+h)^2-1} h \\ + &=\lim_{h\to 0}\frac{h^2+2h} h \\ + &= 2 \\ + \end{align*} + +### Higher order derivatives + +!!! definition + - **wrt.** is short for "with respect to". + +$$\frac{\partial^2f}{\partial x^2}=\partial_{xx}f=f_{xx}$$ + +Derivatives of different variables can be combined: + +$$f_{xy}=\frac{\partial}{\partial y}\frac{\partial f}{\partial x}=\frac{\partial^2 f}{\partial xy}$$ + +The order of the variables matter: $f_{xy}$ is the derivative of f wrt. x *and then* wrt. y. + +**Clairaut's theorem** states that if $f_x, f_y$, and $f_{xy}$ all exist near $(a, b)$ and $f_{yx}$ is continuous **at** $(a,b)$, $f_{yx}(a,b)=f_{x,y}(a,b)$ and exists. + +!!! warning + In multivariable calculus, **differentiability does not imply continuity**.