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hist: add non sequiturs and fix examples

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eggy 2021-02-16 12:59:07 -05:00
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@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ The abundance of **diverse** data allows for greater perspectives to be gleaned
- A fallacy of **accident** wrongly applies a general rule to a specific exception. - A fallacy of **accident** wrongly applies a general rule to a specific exception.
- e.g., *Since surgeons cut people with knives and cutting people with knives is a crime, surgeons are criminals.* - e.g., *Since surgeons cut people with knives and cutting people with knives is a crime, surgeons are criminals.*
- An argument that **begs the question** has circular reasoning by having premises that assume its conclusion. - An argument that **begs the question** has circular reasoning by having premises that assume its conclusion.
- e.g., *Acid eats through your skin because it is corrosive.* - e.g., *Acid must be able to eat through your skin because it is corrosive.*
- **Cherry picking** occurs evidence that supports the conclusion is pointed out while those that contradict the conclusion are ignored or withheld. - **Cherry picking** occurs evidence that supports the conclusion is pointed out while those that contradict the conclusion are ignored or withheld.
- e.g., *"Look at these perfect cherries — their tree must be in perfect condition!"* - e.g., *"Look at these perfect cherries — their tree must be in perfect condition!"*
- A fallacy of **converse accident** wrongly applies a specific exception to a general rule. - A fallacy of **converse accident** wrongly applies a specific exception to a general rule.
@ -112,6 +112,8 @@ The abundance of **diverse** data allows for greater perspectives to be gleaned
- e.g., *Since the first seven odd numbers are prime or square, all prime numbers must be prime or square.* - e.g., *Since the first seven odd numbers are prime or square, all prime numbers must be prime or square.*
- Arguments that **miss the point** provide an irrelevant conclusion that fails to address the issue of the question. - Arguments that **miss the point** provide an irrelevant conclusion that fails to address the issue of the question.
- e.g., *"Is it allowed?" "It should be allowed because it's nowhere near as bad as alcohol."* - e.g., *"Is it allowed?" "It should be allowed because it's nowhere near as bad as alcohol."*
- A **non sequitur** is an invalid argument that does not follow the laws of thought.
- e.g., *All humans are mammals. Whales are mammals. Therefore, whales are humans.*
- A **no true Scotsman** (appeal to purity) fallacy takes a generalisation and doubles down to protect it by excluding counterexamples typically via emotionally charged language. - A **no true Scotsman** (appeal to purity) fallacy takes a generalisation and doubles down to protect it by excluding counterexamples typically via emotionally charged language.
- e.g., *"Although your father is a Scotsman and dances, no* true *Scotsman would dance."* - e.g., *"Although your father is a Scotsman and dances, no* true *Scotsman would dance."*
- Arguments with **recency bias** put greater importance on recent data over historic data. - Arguments with **recency bias** put greater importance on recent data over historic data.