From a5583d5f324957d6313d700ebc9a28548fc7daac Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: eggy Date: Mon, 4 Jan 2021 18:04:11 -0500 Subject: [PATCH] phys: intermolecular forces and temperature --- docs/sph3u7.md | 19 +++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 19 insertions(+) diff --git a/docs/sph3u7.md b/docs/sph3u7.md index ae2d1c4..c9a2719 100644 --- a/docs/sph3u7.md +++ b/docs/sph3u7.md @@ -541,6 +541,25 @@ Note that that is also equal to $\Delta \vec{P}$ above. ## 3.1 - Thermal concepts +**Heat** is the transfer of thermal energy due to a difference in temperature between two objects. + +The main postulates of **kinetic molecular theory** state that, + + - matter is made of constantly moving particles, + - particles exert repulsive and attractive forces when too close or too far to other particles, respectively, and, + - the interparticular distances and forces account for the three states of matter + +(Source: Kognity) + +The **temperature** of an object is the **average** kinetic energy of particles in that object, and is linearly related to the **pressure** of its container $p$. Kelvin ($K$) is used to represent temperature, which starts at **absolute zero** — the point at which the pressure, and thus the vibration and movement of particles, is zero — and increases at equal intervals as the Celsius scale ($-273°\text{C}=0\text{ K}$). + +$$T(K)=T(°C)+273$$ + +The **internal energy** of a substance is the sum of the kinetic energy of the particles (temperature) and the potential energy of the particles due to their changing attractive/repulsive forces. The potential energy of an object is highly dependent on its state. A more solid state results in lesser potential energy as the particle and closer and have weaker intermolecular forces. + +!!! note + This is why when boiling water at 100°C, its temperature does not change until all of it has changed state to a gas as the thermal energy is used to increase the potential energy of the object instead of its temperature. + ## 3.2 - Modelling a gas ## 4.1 - Oscillations