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ece140: add circuits

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eggy 2023-01-15 17:44:11 -05:00
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@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ $$i=\frac{dq}{dt}\approx \frac{\Delta q}{\Delta t}$$
### Power ### Power
Power represents the rate of doing work, in unit watts ($\pu W$, J/s) Power represents the rate of doing work, in unit watts ($\pu W$, \pu{J/s})
$$P=\frac{dw}{dt}$$ $$P=\frac{dw}{dt}$$
@ -37,4 +37,37 @@ Much like relative velocity, power is directional and relative, with a positive
$$P_{CB}=-P_{BC}$$ $$P_{CB}=-P_{BC}$$
In a closed system, conservation of energy applies:
$$\sum P_\text{in}=\sum P_\text{out}$$
The **ground** is the "absolute zero" voltage with a maximum potential difference. It is also known as the "reference voltage". The **ground** is the "absolute zero" voltage with a maximum potential difference. It is also known as the "reference voltage".
### Independent energy sources
!!! definition
- A **ground** is the reference point that all **potential differences are relative to**.
A **generic voltage source** provides a known potential difference between its two terminals that is defined by the source. The resultant current can be calculated.
<img src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/ff/Voltage_Source.svg" width=100>(Source: Wikimedia Commons)</img>
A **generic current source** provides a known amperage between its two terminals that is defined by the source. The resultant voltage can be calculated.
<img src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b2/Current_Source.svg" width=100>(Source: Wikimedia Commons)</img>
!!! tip
A current in the **positive direction** indicates that the source is releasing power (is a source). Otherwise, it is consuming power (is a load).
### Dependent energy sources
A **dependent <&ZeroWidthSpace;T: voltage | current> source** has a **T** dependent on the voltage or current elsewhere in the circuit. $k$ is a function that is likely but not guaranteed to be linear.
$$
v=kv_0\ |\ ki_0 \\
i=kv_0\ |\ ki_0
$$
<img src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/55/Voltage_Source_%28Controlled%29.svg" width=100>(Source: Wikimedia Commons)</img>
<img src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fe/Current_Source_%28Controlled%29.svg" width=100>(Source: Wikimedia Commons)</img>