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chem: Add nitriles

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eggy 2022-04-11 10:02:05 -04:00
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The course code for this page is **SNC4MZ**. The course code for this page is **SNC4MZ**.
CHEM!
## Organic chemistry ## Organic chemistry
!!! definition !!! definition
@ -654,6 +652,31 @@ Amides carry the suffix **-amide** and are otherwise named equivalently to ester
!!! example !!! example
<img src="/resources/images/amide-names.png" width=700>(Source: Kognity)</img> <img src="/resources/images/amide-names.png" width=700>(Source: Kognity)</img>
### Nitriles
Nitriles consist of a cyanide(s) attached at the end of a carbon chain.
$$\ce{R-C#N}$$
As they can only be placed at the end of a carbon chain, a positional number is not used. These have the highest priority of all organic compounds and use the suffix **-nitrile** and the prefix **cyano-**.
!!! example
- methanenitrile
- methanedinitrile
Nitriles are synthesised through the nucleophilic substitution of halogenoalkanes, **extending their carbon chain**.
$$\ce{R-X + C#N- -> R-C#N + X-}$$
### Reduction reactions
### Retro-synthesis
### Simple polymers
### Polyesters and polyamides
### Stereoisomers
### Properties of organic compounds ### Properties of organic compounds
**Alcohols** are able to form hydrogen bonds, so are soluble in water. Increasing the length of the main chain decreases solubility as the rest of the molecule is non-polar, but this can be compensated by adding more hydroxyls too. **Alcohols** are able to form hydrogen bonds, so are soluble in water. Increasing the length of the main chain decreases solubility as the rest of the molecule is non-polar, but this can be compensated by adding more hydroxyls too.