@@ -133,3 +133,7 @@ The course code for this page is **ENG3UZ**.
- e.g., *"I don't want to! That candy is MINE, and no one is going to take it from ME! Mine, mine, MINE!"*
- e.g., *"I don't want to! That candy is MINE, and no one is going to take it from ME! Mine, mine, MINE!"*
- Theme: The "main idea" or underlying meaning of a literary work, which can be given directly or indirectly.
- Theme: The "main idea" or underlying meaning of a literary work, which can be given directly or indirectly.
- e.g., *"Never forget that* you are royalty, *and that hundreds of thousands of souls have suffered and perished so you could become what you are. By their sacrifices, you have been given the comforts you take for granted. Always remember them, so that their sacrifices shall never be without meaning."* (*Eon Fable*, ScytheRider)
- e.g., *"Never forget that* you are royalty, *and that hundreds of thousands of souls have suffered and perished so you could become what you are. By their sacrifices, you have been given the comforts you take for granted. Always remember them, so that their sacrifices shall never be without meaning."* (*Eon Fable*, ScytheRider)
## Resources
- [Analysis of a Poem](/resources/g11/central-asserion-1.pdf)
@@ -18,6 +18,10 @@ Every other SI unit is derived from the fundamental SI units. Memorise these!
| Amount of substance | Mole | mol |
| Amount of substance | Mole | mol |
| Luminous intensity | Candela | cd |
| Luminous intensity | Candela | cd |
!!! info "Reminder"
Note that on an assesment, you are expected to derive the SI unit expression given the equation of unit.
For example Force = mass x acceleration = mass x distance / time / time = $kg \times m \times s^{-2}$.
### Metric prefixes
### Metric prefixes
Every SI unit can be expanded with metric prefixes.
Every SI unit can be expanded with metric prefixes.
@@ -36,6 +40,9 @@ Every SI unit can be expanded with metric prefixes.
| peta- | P | $10^{15}$ | f | femto- |
| peta- | P | $10^{15}$ | f | femto- |
| exa- | E | $10^{18}$ | a | atto- |
| exa- | E | $10^{18}$ | a | atto- |
!!! note
For easier memorization, notice that most of these prefixes are in multiples of $3$.
### Significant figures
### Significant figures
- The leftmost non-zero digit is the **most significant digit**.
- The leftmost non-zero digit is the **most significant digit**.
@@ -112,7 +119,7 @@ Uncertainties are stated in the form of [value] ± [uncertainty]. A value is onl
To determine a measurement's absolute uncertainty, if:
To determine a measurement's absolute uncertainty, if:
- the instrument states its uncertainty, use that.
- the instrument states its uncertainty, use that.
- an analog instrument is used, the last digit is estimated and appended to the end of the reported value. The estimated digit is uncertain by 5 at its order of magnitude.
- an analog instrument is used, the uncertainty is half of the smallest scale.
- a digital instrument is used, the last reported digit is uncertain by 1 at its order of magnitude.
- a digital instrument is used, the last reported digit is uncertain by 1 at its order of magnitude.
!!! example
!!! example
@@ -133,8 +140,8 @@ Error bars represent the uncertainty of the data, typically representing that da
### Uncertainty of gradient and intercepts
### Uncertainty of gradient and intercepts
!!! note "Definition"
!!! note "Definition"
- The **line of best fit** is the line that passes through **all error bars** while passing as closely as possible to all data points.
- The **line of best fit** is the line that passes through **as many error bars as possible** while passing as closely as possible to all data points.
- The **minimum and maximum lines** are lines that minimise/maximise their slopes while still passing through **all error bars.**
- The **minimum and maximum lines** are lines that minimise/maximise their slopes while passing through the first and last **error bars**.
!!! warning
!!! warning
- Use solid lines for lines representing **continuous data** and dotted lines for **discrete data**.
- Use solid lines for lines representing **continuous data** and dotted lines for **discrete data**.
@@ -142,9 +149,9 @@ Error bars represent the uncertainty of the data, typically representing that da
Notice that when we are subtracting vectors ($\vec{a} - \vec{b}$), we have **tail** to **tail** and the difference vector has a direction from ($\vec{b} to \vec{a}$)
### Adding/subtracting vectors algebraically
### Adding/subtracting vectors algebraically
Vectors can be broken up into two vectors (**"components"**) laying on the x- and y-axes via trigonometry such that the resultant of the two components is the original vector. This is especially helpful when adding larger (3+) numbers of vectors.
Vectors can be broken up into two vectors (**"components"**) laying on the x- and y-axes via trigonometry such that the resultant of the two components is the original vector. This is especially helpful when adding larger (3+) numbers of vectors.
The length of resultant vector can then be found using the Pythagorean theorem.
The parallelogram rule states that the sum of two vectors that form two sides of a parallelogram is the diagonal of that parallelogram. The **sine** and **cosine laws** can be used to solve for the resultant vector.
A **scientific model** is a simplification of a system based on assumptions used to explain or make predictions for that system.
!!! note "Definition"
- **System**: An object or a connected group of objects.
- **Point particle assumption**: An assumption that models a system as a blob of matter. It is more reliable if the size and shape of the object(s) do not matter much.
- **Uniform motion**: The type of motion in which the speed of an object is constant.
### Displaying motion
Motion can be expressed visually using a **motion diagram** or a **position-time graph**.
// TODO: insert motion diagram here because kognity bad
A **position-time graph** expands on the motion diagram by specifying a precise **position** value on the vertical axis in addition to time on the horizontal axis. The line of best fit indicates the object's speed, as well as if it is accelerating or decelerating.
- linear, the object is moving at a constant speed.
- exponential, the object is accelerating.
- logarithmic, the object is decelerating.
## 2.2 - Forces
## 2.3 - Work, energy, and power
## 2.4 - Momentum and impulse
## 3.1 - Thermal concepts
## 3.2 - Modelling a gas
## Resources
## Resources
- [IB Physics Data Booklet](/resources/g11/ib-physics-data-booklet.pdf)
- [IB Physics Data Booklet](/resources/g11/ib-physics-data-booklet.pdf)
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