highschool/Grade 10/Computer Science/ICS4U1/Array Manipulation Notes.md

# Arrays

## What is an Array?
- Object used to store a **list** of values
- All values in array are the **same type**
    -Eg. int, double, char, string, etc

- Used to store a large number of data
- Easy to **access** any element in the array

## How to Declare
- Declaring an array to up to 10 words
```java
String array[] = new String[10];
```
- Declaring an array and initializing variables at the same time:
```java
String array[] = {"s", "d", "f"};
```

## String Manipulataion

- `length()` to find the length of a string
- `stringName.charAt(0)` will output the first character 
- Each character in a string has a positio. String positions start  at 0
- `stringName.indexOf("T")` will output the index number that the letter `T` belongs to
- `stringName.substring(3)` will output all characters after the index #
- Eg. `string stringName = "Jim hates math"`
    - Output: `hates math`

- First # is for the index that you want and last number is for the index that you don't want
- `stringName2 = "     i hate math         "`
- `stringName2.trim();` 
    - Output: `i hate math`
- `stringName.toLowerCase()` makes every character a lower case letter
- `stringName.toUpperCase()` makes every character an upper case letter

- `concat()`
- `stringname1.concat(stringname2);` will put both string into 1 word
- `stringname.replace("a", "p");` will replace every `a` with `p`
- `stringname1.equals(stringname2);` will return true of false depending on whether the two contain the same value
- `stringname1.compareTo(stringname2);` is for alphabetical order
    - if the condition above is $`< 0`$, name1 is before name2. $`> 0`$, name1 is after name2, if $`=0`$, its the same string

## Sorting
```java
static void ImprovedBubbleSorted(int arr[]) {
    boolean isSorted = false;
    int j = 1;
    while(!isSorted) {
        isSorted = true;
        for(int i = 0; i < arr.length - j; i++) {
            if(arr[i]> arr[i + 1]) {
                int t = arr[i];
                arr[i] = arr[i + 1];
                arr[i + 1] = t;

                isSorted = true;
            }
        }
        j++;
    }
}
```

## Searching
```java
boolean found=false;
System.out.println("Enter the word you want to search");
String word = sc.next();
for(int i=0; i<arr.length; i++) {
    if(arr[i].equals(word)) {
        found=true;
    }
}
if(found) {
    System.out.println("The word was found");
}
else {
    System.out.println("The word was not found");
}
```

## Searching Continued
```java
boolean found=false;
System.out.println("Enter the word you want to search");
String word = sc.next();
int pos=0;
for(int i=0; i<arr.length; i++) {
    if(arr[i].equals(word)) {
        found=true;
        pos=i;
    }
}
if(found) {
    System.out.println("The word was found at index: " + pos);
}
else {
    System.out.println("The word was not found");
}
```

## Conclusion
- Arrays are very useful when problem solving when a large numbe of data is involved
- `Organize` large sets of data
- Variety of ways you can access information in an array