From 4cd908d0215d6a681bdc2ed18bb492c5f4f1a48c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Daniel Chen Date: Thu, 24 Oct 2019 19:27:07 +0000 Subject: [PATCH 1/8] Update Unit 2: Biology.md --- Grade 10/Science/SNC2DZ/Unit 2: Biology.md | 21 ++++++++++----------- 1 file changed, 10 insertions(+), 11 deletions(-) diff --git a/Grade 10/Science/SNC2DZ/Unit 2: Biology.md b/Grade 10/Science/SNC2DZ/Unit 2: Biology.md index 970602e..dc585f2 100644 --- a/Grade 10/Science/SNC2DZ/Unit 2: Biology.md +++ b/Grade 10/Science/SNC2DZ/Unit 2: Biology.md @@ -4,24 +4,23 @@ - Systems of living things ## Celular Biology -A person contains roughly 100 billion cells -- there are roughly to different types of cell s found in mammals -- cells are roughly 20 $`\um`$ (micrometer, $`10^{-6}`$ m), around 250 cells / cm +A person contains roughly 100 tillion cells +- Cells are roughly 20 $`\um`$ (micrometer, $`10^{-6}`$ m), around 250 cells / cm ## Cell Theory 1. All living things are composed of cells -2. cells are the basic units of living organisms -3. all cells came from pre-existing cells +2. Cells are the basic units of living organisms +3. All cells came from pre-existing cells ## Types Of Cells -`Prokaryotic cell`: Meaning before/lacking +`Prokaryotic cell`: Meaning before/lacking nucleus -`Eukaryotic cell`: Has organelles, meaning true, complete. +`Eukaryotic cell`: Means complete nucleus |Part Of Cell|Prokaryotic|Eukaryotic| |:-----------|:----------|:---------| -|DNA|In nucleoid region|Usually in membrane, bound nucleus| +|DNA|In nuclear region|Usually in membrane, bound nucleus| |Size|Usually smaller|Usually larger| -|Organelles|No membrane, bound organelles|Membrane, bound organelle, the bigger, the more complex| -|Organization|Usually singler celled|Often multicellular| -|Metabolism|May not need oxygen|Usually needs oxygen to exist| \ No newline at end of file +|Organelles|Not membrane-bound, smaller|Membrane-bound, more complex| +|Organization|Usually single-celled|Often multicelled| +|Metabolism|May not need oxygen|Usually needs oxygen to exist| From ca49a56ca7e8eb745b0c96164b936a9a4692d390 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Daniel Chen Date: Thu, 24 Oct 2019 23:03:55 +0000 Subject: [PATCH 2/8] Update Unit 2: Biology.md --- Grade 10/Science/SNC2DZ/Unit 2: Biology.md | 37 ++++++++++++++++++---- 1 file changed, 31 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-) diff --git a/Grade 10/Science/SNC2DZ/Unit 2: Biology.md b/Grade 10/Science/SNC2DZ/Unit 2: Biology.md index dc585f2..a28b4de 100644 --- a/Grade 10/Science/SNC2DZ/Unit 2: Biology.md +++ b/Grade 10/Science/SNC2DZ/Unit 2: Biology.md @@ -1,18 +1,18 @@ # Unit 2 Biology - Tissues -- Organs, +- Organs - Systems of living things -## Celular Biology -A person contains roughly 100 tillion cells -- Cells are roughly 20 $`\um`$ (micrometer, $`10^{-6}`$ m), around 250 cells / cm +## Cellular Biology +A person contains roughly 100 trillion cells +- Cells are roughly 20 `\um` (micrometer, $`10^{-6}`$ m), around 250 cells / cm ## Cell Theory 1. All living things are composed of cells 2. Cells are the basic units of living organisms 3. All cells came from pre-existing cells -## Types Of Cells +## Eukaryotic versus Prokaryotic Cells `Prokaryotic cell`: Meaning before/lacking nucleus `Eukaryotic cell`: Means complete nucleus @@ -22,5 +22,30 @@ A person contains roughly 100 tillion cells |DNA|In nuclear region|Usually in membrane, bound nucleus| |Size|Usually smaller|Usually larger| |Organelles|Not membrane-bound, smaller|Membrane-bound, more complex| -|Organization|Usually single-celled|Often multicelled| +|Organization|Usually singlecelled|Often multicelled| |Metabolism|May not need oxygen|Usually needs oxygen to exist| + +## Cellular Organelles + +### Cell Membrane + - Controls what substances enter/leave the cell selectively + - Allows nutrients to enter + - Allows waste products to leave + - Surrounds and holds other organelles in cell + +### Nucleus + - Holds deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) in form of chromatin + - DNA is a double helix that make genes + - Genes are a complete set of instructions to make a complete product (typically proteins) + - Chromatin is DNA wrapped tightly in protein + - Chromosomes are even more tightly wrapped chromatin used in cell division only + - Surrounded by a double membrane + - Substances enter and exit the nucleus via nuclear pores + - Messenger RNA (mRNA) is encoded from DNA and sent to ribosomes to produce proteins + +### Nucleolus + - Dense region of DNA located in the nucleus + - This area of DNA is specially for ribosomal DNA (rDNA) + - Produce "large" and "small" units of complete ribosomes, which either remain free or mix with endoplasmic reticulum, forming rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) + - Is *not* surrounded by a membrane, literally is just same as rest of nucleus but denser + From ff360a8fe01a40b6e624f838ac012d3052092a00 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Daniel Chen Date: Thu, 24 Oct 2019 23:04:32 +0000 Subject: [PATCH 3/8] Update Unit 2: Biology.md --- Grade 10/Science/SNC2DZ/Unit 2: Biology.md | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/Grade 10/Science/SNC2DZ/Unit 2: Biology.md b/Grade 10/Science/SNC2DZ/Unit 2: Biology.md index a28b4de..cc45e97 100644 --- a/Grade 10/Science/SNC2DZ/Unit 2: Biology.md +++ b/Grade 10/Science/SNC2DZ/Unit 2: Biology.md @@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ ## Cellular Biology A person contains roughly 100 trillion cells -- Cells are roughly 20 `\um` (micrometer, $`10^{-6}`$ m), around 250 cells / cm +- Cells are roughly 20 `μm` (micrometer, $`10^{-6}`$ m), around 250 cells / cm ## Cell Theory 1. All living things are composed of cells From 45167c3db0f030cb4ad0119a2cc2c5b546a40df4 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Daniel Chen Date: Thu, 24 Oct 2019 23:04:49 +0000 Subject: [PATCH 4/8] Update Unit 2: Biology.md --- Grade 10/Science/SNC2DZ/Unit 2: Biology.md | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/Grade 10/Science/SNC2DZ/Unit 2: Biology.md b/Grade 10/Science/SNC2DZ/Unit 2: Biology.md index cc45e97..76dee2c 100644 --- a/Grade 10/Science/SNC2DZ/Unit 2: Biology.md +++ b/Grade 10/Science/SNC2DZ/Unit 2: Biology.md @@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ ## Cellular Biology A person contains roughly 100 trillion cells -- Cells are roughly 20 `μm` (micrometer, $`10^{-6}`$ m), around 250 cells / cm +- Cells are roughly 20 `μm` (micrometre, $`10^{-6}`$ m), around 250 cells / cm ## Cell Theory 1. All living things are composed of cells From 825705c8839feeea0d44dcd3138b72f6055442ba Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Daniel Chen Date: Thu, 24 Oct 2019 23:05:47 +0000 Subject: [PATCH 5/8] Update Unit 2: Biology.md --- Grade 10/Science/SNC2DZ/Unit 2: Biology.md | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/Grade 10/Science/SNC2DZ/Unit 2: Biology.md b/Grade 10/Science/SNC2DZ/Unit 2: Biology.md index 76dee2c..6ad5622 100644 --- a/Grade 10/Science/SNC2DZ/Unit 2: Biology.md +++ b/Grade 10/Science/SNC2DZ/Unit 2: Biology.md @@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ ## Cellular Biology A person contains roughly 100 trillion cells -- Cells are roughly 20 `μm` (micrometre, $`10^{-6}`$ m), around 250 cells / cm +- Cells are roughly 20 `μm` (micrometre, 10 -6 m), around 250 cells / cm ## Cell Theory 1. All living things are composed of cells From 6de771aee71eff25e4fc5d2dc4ea7feb6c37502b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Daniel Chen Date: Thu, 24 Oct 2019 23:06:03 +0000 Subject: [PATCH 6/8] Update Unit 2: Biology.md --- Grade 10/Science/SNC2DZ/Unit 2: Biology.md | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/Grade 10/Science/SNC2DZ/Unit 2: Biology.md b/Grade 10/Science/SNC2DZ/Unit 2: Biology.md index 6ad5622..dc22e2e 100644 --- a/Grade 10/Science/SNC2DZ/Unit 2: Biology.md +++ b/Grade 10/Science/SNC2DZ/Unit 2: Biology.md @@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ ## Cellular Biology A person contains roughly 100 trillion cells -- Cells are roughly 20 `μm` (micrometre, 10 -6 m), around 250 cells / cm +- Cells are roughly 20 `μm` (micrometre, 10-6 m), around 250 cells / cm ## Cell Theory 1. All living things are composed of cells From 05af3537c2146c22136654cf16c0b31e4ac4d3fa Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Daniel Chen Date: Thu, 24 Oct 2019 23:06:40 +0000 Subject: [PATCH 7/8] Update Unit 2: Biology.md --- Grade 10/Science/SNC2DZ/Unit 2: Biology.md | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/Grade 10/Science/SNC2DZ/Unit 2: Biology.md b/Grade 10/Science/SNC2DZ/Unit 2: Biology.md index dc22e2e..4c949ed 100644 --- a/Grade 10/Science/SNC2DZ/Unit 2: Biology.md +++ b/Grade 10/Science/SNC2DZ/Unit 2: Biology.md @@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ A person contains roughly 100 trillion cells |Size|Usually smaller|Usually larger| |Organelles|Not membrane-bound, smaller|Membrane-bound, more complex| |Organization|Usually singlecelled|Often multicelled| -|Metabolism|May not need oxygen|Usually needs oxygen to exist| +|Metabolism|May not need oxygen|Usually needs oxygen| ## Cellular Organelles From 088065b1779d6f8b5e6dc368ca8dc49512eae2a7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Daniel Chen Date: Fri, 25 Oct 2019 14:07:07 +0000 Subject: [PATCH 8/8] Update Unit 2: Biology.md --- Grade 10/Science/SNC2DZ/Unit 2: Biology.md | 16 +++++++--------- 1 file changed, 7 insertions(+), 9 deletions(-) diff --git a/Grade 10/Science/SNC2DZ/Unit 2: Biology.md b/Grade 10/Science/SNC2DZ/Unit 2: Biology.md index 4c949ed..7adfab8 100644 --- a/Grade 10/Science/SNC2DZ/Unit 2: Biology.md +++ b/Grade 10/Science/SNC2DZ/Unit 2: Biology.md @@ -1,7 +1,4 @@ -# Unit 2 Biology -- Tissues -- Organs -- Systems of living things +# Unit 2: Biology ## Cellular Biology A person contains roughly 100 trillion cells @@ -17,21 +14,22 @@ A person contains roughly 100 trillion cells `Eukaryotic cell`: Means complete nucleus -|Part Of Cell|Prokaryotic|Eukaryotic| +|Factors|Prokaryotic|Eukaryotic| |:-----------|:----------|:---------| -|DNA|In nuclear region|Usually in membrane, bound nucleus| +|DNA|In nucleoid region|Usually in membrane-bound nucleus| |Size|Usually smaller|Usually larger| |Organelles|Not membrane-bound, smaller|Membrane-bound, more complex| -|Organization|Usually singlecelled|Often multicelled| -|Metabolism|May not need oxygen|Usually needs oxygen| +|Organization|Usually singlecelled|Often form multicellular organisms| +|Metabolism|May not need oxygen|Usually need oxygen| ## Cellular Organelles ### Cell Membrane - - Controls what substances enter/leave the cell selectively + - Controls what substances enter/leave the cell selectively via various receptors/osmosis - Allows nutrients to enter - Allows waste products to leave - Surrounds and holds other organelles in cell + - Interact with outside chemicals (e.g., hormones) ### Nucleus - Holds deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) in form of chromatin