From 1542d2c008164f63727a093c424c131bd8c4066e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Soup <39444003+magicalsoup@users.noreply.github.com> Date: Mon, 14 Jan 2019 16:47:48 -0500 Subject: [PATCH] Update and rename Geography.md to Grade 9/Geography.md --- Geography.md => Grade 9/Geography.md | 129 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++- 1 file changed, 127 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-) rename Geography.md => Grade 9/Geography.md (51%) diff --git a/Geography.md b/Grade 9/Geography.md similarity index 51% rename from Geography.md rename to Grade 9/Geography.md index 7117d7a..61898bd 100644 --- a/Geography.md +++ b/Grade 9/Geography.md @@ -139,8 +139,133 @@ >> |Region|Location in Canada|Prominent Features| >> |:-----|:-----------------|:-----------------| ->> |**Western Cordillera**|- Yukon Territory
- Northwest Territories
- British Columbia|- Formed when the ```Pacific plate``` **subducted** under the ```North American plate```
- It was formed during the ```cenozoic``` and ```mesozoic``` eras, **30** to **100** million years ago
- Its very ```young```
- Higlhand| ->> |**Interior Plains**|- Northwest territories
- Saskatchewan
| +>> |**Western Cordillera**|- Yukon Territory
- Northwest Territories
- British Columbia|- Formed when the ```Pacific plate``` **subducted** under the ```North American plate```
- It was formed during the ```cenozoic``` and ```mesozoic``` eras, **30** to **100** million years ago
- Its very ```young```
- ```Highland```| +>> |**Interior Plains**|- Northwest territories
- Saskatchewan
- Alberta
- Manitoba
- Nunavut|**Lowland**| +>> |**Innutian Mountains**|- Nunavut|- Formed in mesozoic era
- It was formed by the ```North American Plate```
- Its very ```young```, hence higher
- ```Lowland```| +>> |**Canadian Shield**|- Northwest Territory
- Nunavut
- Saskatchewan
- Manitoba
- Ontario
- Quebec
- Labrador|in progress| +>> |**Hudson Bay - Arctic Lowlands**|- Ontario
- Quebec|```Lowland```| +>> |**Appalachins**|- New Brunswick
- Newfoundland
- Nova Scotia
- PEI|```Highland```| + +> ## Terms +>> ```Climate```: The weather condition prevailing in an area in general or over a long period +>> ```Weather```: The state of the atmosphere at a place and time as regards ```heat, dryness, sunshine, wind, rain, etc``` + +> ## LOWERN +>> |Letter|Description| +>> |:-----|:----------| +>> |**L**atitude|- Where you are on a map
- If you are farther away from the equator, the less ```direct sunlight``` you receive, therefore it's ```colder``` in that region| +>> |**O**cean Currents|- Ocean currents moving away from the equator is ```relatively warmer``` and currents moving towards the equator is ```relatively cooler```
- Winds moving across the current are either ```cooled or warmed```| +>> |**W**inds and Air Masses|- Air mass is a ```large volume``` of air that takes on the ```climatic conditions``` of the area in which it forms
- They move depending on the ```weather patterns```| +>> |**E**levation|- It's ```Colder``` the higher you are| +>> |**R**elief|- Shape of the surface of the land
- Affects ```precipitation```
- The side facing the ```wind``` gets more ```rain and snow```
- The opposite gets the ```rain shadow```| +>> |**N**ear Water|- ```Maritime``` climate
- Winters are ```mild```, summer never gets ```too hot```| + +> ## ```Continental``` v.s ```Climate``` + +>> |Type of Climate|Description|Examples| +>> |:--------------|:----------|:-------| +>> |```Maritime```|- Small annual temperature range (cool to warm summers, cold to mildwinters) below ```25C``` range
- Annual ```percipitation``` is high - greater than ```1000mm```
- Develops in coastal locations near major water bodies (i.e. Atlantic or Pacific Oceans)|- Halifax
- Nova Scotia
- Vancouver
- British Columbia| +>> |```Continental```|- Large annual temperature range (warm to hot summers, cold winters) greater than ```25C``` range
- Annual ```percipitation``` is low - below ```1000mm```
- Develops in area far from oceans and large lakes, in the interior of a continent/land mass|- Regina
- Saskatche-wan
- Winnipeg
- Manitoba| + +> ## Climate Change +>> ### Causes +>> - Human activity +>> - Transportation +>> - Fossil Fuels +>> - Deforestation +>> - Appliances +>> - Garbage + +>> ### Impacts / Effects +>> - Animals +>> - Fishes +>> - Sea Urchins +>> - Starfish +>> - Bear +>> - African Wildlife +>> - Polar Bears +>> - Feedback Loops +>> - Natural Diasters +>> - Temperature Rise +>> - Destroy Ecosystems +>> - Kills People +>> - Heat Strokes +>> - Natural Diasters +>> - Fires +>> - Deforestation +>> - The ```Amazon Rainforest``` is becoming extinct + +>> ### Solutions + +>>> |Solution #|Solution| +>>> |:---------|:-------| +>>> |1.|Changing to ```LED``` lights| +>>> |2.|Solar Power| +>>> |3.|Turn theromo stats ```low```| +>>> |4.|Turn off appliances| +>>> |5.|Drive less or get a fuel efficient car| +>>> |6.|Build Rigs to pump carbon ```deep``` inside the ```Earth```| +>>> |7.|Eat ```local``` food| + +>>> #### Local Level +>>> - Carpool +>>> - Public transportation(bus, subway) +>>> - Eat locally produced food +>>> - Conserve Energy (programmable, thermostat, unplug, appliances, LED, light bulbs) +>>> - Electric car / Fuel efficient car +>>> - Using cloth bags / reusable when going to the grocery store +>>> - Compost +>>> - Walk, bike to work / school + +>>> #### National Level +>>> - Invest in green / renewable energies (```wind, solar, geothermal``` etc) +>>> - Ban plastic bags +>>> - Carbon tax +>>> - Cap and trade programs (companies trade ```GHG``` emissions credits) +>>> - Strict enviornmental laws regarding ```GHG``` emissions by industry + +>>> #### Global Level +>>> - Participate in ```UN climate change``` conferences +>>> - Countries promise to reduce ```GHG``` emissions (ex. ```UN Paris Climate Change Agreement```) + +> ## Greenhouse Gases +>> ```Enhanced Greenhouse Effect```: Greenhouse gases created by human activity +>> ### Main Greenhouse Gases +>> - Methane +>> - Carbon dioxide +>> - Water Vapour +>> - Nitrous Oxide + +> ## Soil + +>> ### Dry - climate(calcification) +>> - ```Dry``` soil +>> - Nutrients ```rise up``` to the top layer +>> - ```Top soil is rich``` + +>> ### Leeched +>> - ```Wet``` soil +>> - Nutrients get ```washed``` down and ```away``` +>> - ```Poor quaility soil``` + +> # Vegetation In Canada +>> |Region|Description| +>> |:-----|:----------| +>> |```Tundra```|- Only a few ```very small``` trees grow here
- Small plants
- ```Harsh``` conditions| +>> |```Boreal and Taiga Forest```|- One of the ```largest forest region``` in the world
Growing season gets longer farther ```South```
- ```Long``` and ```Cold``` winters
- Deciduous trees (```White birch, Poplar```)
- ```Poor quaility soil```| +>> |```Grassland```|- Too ```dry``` for tree growth
- Some trees
- Natural grasses grow taller in wetter areas| +>> |```Mixed Forest```|- Mainly ```Deciduous```
- A bit of ```Boreal``` in the ```Northern``` area
- Winters are ```cool``` and summers are ```warm```
- Soils are not as rich in the ```South```, but more ```fertile``` than the ```Boreal Forest```
- Much of the ```South Mixed Forest``` has been cleared for ```agriculture```| +>> |```Deciduous Forest```|- Canada's ```Tiny Deciduous``` forest region
- ```Hot``` summers and relatively ```mild``` winters
- Cleared for farming
- Soils are ```fertile```| +>> |```West Coast Forest```|- Large ```Coniferous species```
- So much ```Percipitation``` is called a ```temperate rainforest```| + +>> |Type of Tree|Charateristics|Examples| +>> |:-----------|:-------------|:-------| +>> |Deciduous|- The trees that ```drop their leaves``` during the winter to survive
- Found in ```tropical``` climates|- Oak
- Maple
- Hickory trees| +>> |Coniferous|- The trees that ```do not drop their leaves``` during the winter
- Found in rather ```cooler``` climates|- Cedar
- Douglas-fir
- Fir| + + + +