diff --git a/Grade 9/Science/SNC1DZ/Unit_4_Physics_Study_Sheet.md b/Grade 9/Science/SNC1DZ/Unit_4_Physics_Study_Sheet.md index 6f51da8..3955814 100644 --- a/Grade 9/Science/SNC1DZ/Unit_4_Physics_Study_Sheet.md +++ b/Grade 9/Science/SNC1DZ/Unit_4_Physics_Study_Sheet.md @@ -1,44 +1,73 @@ # Unit 4: Physics **SCIENCE — WORD WALL** -* Electricity Word List -* Static Electricity — an imbalance of electric charge on the surface of an object -* Electron — a negatively charged particle in an atom -* Proton — a positively charged particle in the atom’s nucleus -* Electric charge — a form of charge, either positive or negative, that exerts an electric force -* Neutral charge — an object that has equal numbers of protons and electrons -* Negatively charged object — an object that has more electrons than protons -* Positively charged object — an object that has fewer electrons than protons -* Electric force — the force exerted by an object with an electric charge; can be a force of attraction or a force of repulsion -* Induced charge separation — a shift in the position of electrons in a neutral object that occurs when a charged object is brought near it -* Charging by friction — the transfer of electrons between two neutral objects (made from different materials) that occurs when they are rubbed together or come in contact (touch) -* Electrostatic series — a list of materials arranged in order of their tendency to gain electrons -* Charging by conduction — charging an object by contact with a charged object -* Grounding — connecting an object to a large body, like Earth, that is capable of effectively removing an electric charge that the object might have -* Conductor — a material that lets electrons move easily through it -* Insulator — a material that does not easily allow the movement of electrons through it -* Charging by induction — charging a neutral object by bringing another charged object close to, but not touching, the neutral object -* Electric discharge — the rapid transfer of electric charge from one object to another -* Lightning — a bolt of electricity from sky :D -* Current electricity — the controlled flow of electrons through a conductor -* Electric circuit — a continuous path in which electrons can flow -* Switch — a device in an electric circuit that controls the flow of electrons by opening (or closing) the circuit -* Load — the part of an electric circuit that converts electrical energy into other forms of energy -* Electrical energy — the energy provided by the flow of electrons in an electric circuit -* Electric cell — a device that converts chemical energy into electrical energy -* Fuel cell — ? -* Direct current (DC) — a flow of electrons in one direction through an electric circuit -* Alternating current (AC) — a flow of electrons that alternates in direction in an electric circuit -* Electrical power — the rate at which electrical energy is produced or used -* Kilowatt - Hour — the SI unit for measuring electrical energy usage; the use of one kilowatt of power for one hour -* Efficiency — comparison of the energy output of a device with the energy supplied -* Circuit — a way of drawing an electric circuit using standard symbols -* Series circuit — a circuit in which the loads are connected end to end so that there is only one path for the electrons to flow -* Parallel circuit — a circuit in which the loads are connected in branches so that there are two or more paths for electrons to flow -* Potential difference (voltage) — the difference in electrical potential energy per unit charge measured at two different points; measured in volts -* Voltmeter — a device used to measure potential difference (voltage) -* Electrical resistance — the ability of a material to oppose the flow of electric current; measured in ohms -* Ohmmeter — a device used to measure resistance -* Resistor — a device that reduces the flow of electric current -* Ohm’s law — the straight line relationship between voltage and current; R = V/I + +|Term |Definition| +|:----|:---------| +|Static Electricity | an imbalance of electric charge on the surface of an object| +|Electron | a negatively charged particle in an atom| +| Proton | a positively charged particle in the atom’s nucleus| +| Electric charge | a form of charge, either positive or negative, that exerts an electric force| +| Neutral charge | an object that has equal numbers of protons and electrons| +| Negatively charged object | an object that has more electrons than protons| +|Positively charged object | an object that has fewer electrons than protons| +| Electric force | the force exerted by an object with an electric charge; can be a force of attraction or a force of repulsion| +| Induced charge separation | a shift in the position of electrons in a neutral object that occurs when a charged object is brought near it| +| Charging by friction | the transfer of electrons between two neutral objects (made from different materials) that occurs when they are rubbed together or come in contact (touch)| +| Electrostatic series | a list of materials arranged in order of their tendency to gain electrons| +| Charging by conduction | charging an object by contact with a charged object| +| Grounding | connecting an object to a large body, like Earth, that is capable of effectively removing an electric charge that the object might have| +| Conductor | a material that lets electrons move easily through it| +| Insulator | a material that does not easily allow the movement of electrons through it| +| Charging by induction | charging a neutral object by bringing another charged object close to, but not touching, the neutral object| +| Electric discharge | the rapid transfer of electric charge from one object to another| +| Lightning | a bolt of electricity from sky :D| +| Current electricity | the controlled flow of electrons through a conductor| +| Electric circuit | a continuous path in which electrons can flow| +| Switch | a device in an electric circuit that controls the flow of electrons by opening (or closing) the circuit| +| Load | the part of an electric circuit that converts electrical energy into other forms of energy| +| Electrical energy | the energy provided by the flow of electrons in an electric circuit| +| Electric cell | a device that converts chemical energy into electrical energy| +| Fuel cell | ?| +| Direct current (DC) | a flow of electrons in one direction through an electric circuit| +| Alternating current (AC) | a flow of electrons that alternates in direction in an electric circuit| +| Electrical power | the rate at which electrical energy is produced or used| +| Kilowatt-Hour | the SI unit for measuring electrical energy usage; the use of one kilowatt of power for one hour| +| Efficiency | comparison of the energy output of a device with the energy supplied| +| Circuit | a way of drawing an electric circuit using standard symbols| +| Series circuit | a circuit in which the loads are connected end to end so that there is only one path for the electrons to flow| +| Parallel circuit | a circuit in which the loads are connected in branches so that there are two or more paths for electrons to flow| +| Potential difference (voltage) | the difference in electrical potential energy per unit charge measured at two different points; measured in volts| +| Voltmeter | a device used to measure potential difference (voltage)| +| Electrical resistance | the ability of a material to oppose the flow of electric current; measured in ohms| +| Ohmmeter | a device used to measure resistance| +| Resistor |a device that reduces the flow of electric current| +| Ohm’s law |the straight line relationship between voltage and current; `R = V/I`| + +## Static Electricity +- `Static Charges`: An unequal number of individual electric charges on the surface of an object. +- Basically, the charges are **nearly fixed** on the **surface** of an object. + +- An object is: + +|Charge|Condition| +|:-----|:--------| +|Positively Charged|When number of `electrons` are **less than** the number of `protons`| +|Neutrally Charged|When the number of `electrons` are **the same** as the number of `protons`| +|Negatively Charged|When the number of `electrons` are **more than** the number of `protons`| + +- Charge is basically the difference between the amount of protons and electrons, the greater the difference, the greater the charge. +- A greater charge between objects is determined by the amount of difference between the protons and electrons in each of the objects. The one with more difference has a greater charge. + +## Charging By Friction +- When 2 objects of different materials rub against one another, the electrons moves between the objects, one loses electrons and the other gains electrons. +- The object that gains electrons becomes negatively charged, and the other becomes positevely charged. + +## Triboelectric Series / Electrostatic Series + +- Different materials have different abilities to hold onto electrons +- `Triboelectric Series`: A list of material that is arranged according to their ability to hold on to electrons. + +### Table Of Tribolecetric Series Of Common Materials +