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Grade 9/Science/SNC1DZ/Unit_3_Biology_Study_Sheet.md
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- `Intraspecifict`: Same species fighting. - `Intraspecifict`: Same species fighting.
- `Watershed`: An area or ridge of land that separates waters flowing to different rivers, basins, or seas. - `Watershed`: An area or ridge of land that separates waters flowing to different rivers, basins, or seas.
- `Intertidal Zone`: The intertidal zone, also known as the foreshore and seashore, is the area that is above water at low tide and underwater at high tide. - `Intertidal Zone`: The intertidal zone, also known as the foreshore and seashore, is the area that is above water at low tide and underwater at high tide.
- `Limiting Factor`: Any factor that restricts the size of a population.
- `Tolerance Range`: The abiotic conditions within which a species can survive.
## The Spheres of Earth ## The Spheres of Earth
@ -168,7 +170,7 @@ efficiency varies from `5%` to `20%` energy available between successive trophic
- Evaporation, Condensation, Precipitation, Percolation (Infiltration, water seeping into ground), Run-off, transpiration (plants losing water to air) - Evaporation, Condensation, Precipitation, Percolation (Infiltration, water seeping into ground), Run-off, transpiration (plants losing water to air)
- Forms: Solid (ice), Liquid (water), Gas (vapour) - Forms: Solid (ice), Liquid (water), Gas (vapour)
### STEPS/PROCESS: ### Steps/Process:
- Exchange of energy leads to: - Exchange of energy leads to:
- Temperature Change, Climate - Temperature Change, Climate
- Condenses 🡪 occurs during cooler temp - Condenses 🡪 occurs during cooler temp
@ -193,7 +195,7 @@ efficiency varies from `5%` to `20%` energy available between successive trophic
- Building block of all living things - Building block of all living things
- Main Pathway – in and out of living matter - Main Pathway – in and out of living matter
### STEPS/PROCESSES ### Steps/Process
- All living organisms contain carbon. - All living organisms contain carbon.
- CO<sub>2</sub> is a waste product of cellular respiration - CO<sub>2</sub> is a waste product of cellular respiration
- Plants use carbon dioxide and water to form simple sugars (photosynthesis) - Plants use carbon dioxide and water to form simple sugars (photosynthesis)
@ -225,7 +227,7 @@ efficiency varies from `5%` to `20%` energy available between successive trophic
- Most living organisms are `unable` to use this form of nitrogen - Most living organisms are `unable` to use this form of nitrogen
- Therefore, must be **converted** to a usable form! - Therefore, must be **converted** to a usable form!
### STEPS/PROCESSES ### Steps/Process
<img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/lab-11methodsforestimatingdenitrificationprocess-130414125752-phpapp01/95/lab11-methods-for-estimating-denitrification-process-4-638.jpg?cb=1365944316" width="300"> <img src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/lab-11methodsforestimatingdenitrificationprocess-130414125752-phpapp01/95/lab11-methods-for-estimating-denitrification-process-4-638.jpg?cb=1365944316" width="300">
### Nitrogen Fixation ### Nitrogen Fixation
@ -378,9 +380,32 @@ efficiency varies from `5%` to `20%` energy available between successive trophic
* Heavy precipitation on leeward side of mountains * Heavy precipitation on leeward side of mountains
* `Species` Elk, cougar, large coniferous trees, ferns. * `Species` Elk, cougar, large coniferous trees, ferns.
## Biodiversity
- The importance
## Introducing Ecosystems ## Introducing Ecosystems
- Most ecosystems are **SUSTAINABLE**. - Most ecosystems are **SUSTAINABLE**.
<table class="table">
<tr>
<th>Ecosystem</th><th>Key abiotic factors</th><th>Human action and result</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Terrestrial Ecosystems</th>
<td>Light availability <br><br>Water availability<br><br>Nutrient availability<br><br>Temperature</td>
<td>Clear-cutting and fire remove shade and expose the remaining organisms to much more light<br><br>Damming rivers and draining swamps and marshes change water availability. Irrigation increases water availability<br><br>Farming practices may increase or decrease nutrient levels in the soil.<br><br>Global warming is decreasing suitable habitat for many cool-adapted species.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Aquatic Ecosystems</th>
<td>Light availability<br><br><br>Nutrient availability<br><br><br>Acidity<br><br><br>Temperature<br><br>Salinity<br><br></td>
<td>Activities that increase erosion or stir up the bottom cloud the water and reduce light penetration.<br><br>Nutrient runoff from agriculture and urban enviornments increases the nutrient content of <br> surface water and groundwater, causing algal blooms<br><br>Acidic air pollution results in acid precipitation. Carbon dioxide emissions <br>produced by the burning of fossil fuels are increasing the acidity of the oceans.<br><br>Industries and power plants release heated waste water into lakes and rivers, killing fish and other organisms.<br><br>Salting highways and long-term irrigation practices can cause salt to accumlate.<br></td>
</tr>
</table>
- `Limiting factors` can be something such as access to water, availability of food. Can be **both** `abiotic` and `biotic`. Human influences often act as `limiting factors`.
- The carry capacity of an ecoystem is a limit where the organisms in that ecosystem can sustain themselves, human impacts often lower the `carry capacity`, as things such as pollution, destruction of habitats drastically lowers the `sustainability` of a ecosystem. In general, `limiting factors` link directly to `carrying capacity` as the the factors tell us the size that that the ecosystem can sustain itself. Which is essentially the `carrying capacity`.
### Ecosystem Services/Products ### Ecosystem Services/Products
- **Cultural Services** - **Cultural Services**
- Benefits relating to our enjoyment of the environment. - Benefits relating to our enjoyment of the environment.