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Update Unit 2: Biology.md

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Daniel Chen 2019-11-07 14:56:17 +00:00
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Grade 10/Science/SNC2DZ/Unit 2: Biology.md
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@ -122,9 +122,13 @@ A person contains roughly 100 trillion cells
1. Centrioles and centrosomes 1. Centrioles and centrosomes
2. Lysosomes 2. Lysosomes
### Centrioles and centrosomes ### Centrosomes
- Made of same protein as `cytoskeleton` - Made of same protein as `cytoskeleton`
- Create and manipulate spindle during mitosis in animal cells - **Create and manipulate spindle* during mitosis in animal cells
- One centrosome is a bound pair of two `centrioles`
- Centrioles are present in a few types of plant cells
- Centrioles **create** spindle during mitosis in both plant and animal cells
- Centrioles do not manipulate spindle
### Lysosomes ### Lysosomes
- Explained before. - Explained before.
@ -231,12 +235,15 @@ A person contains roughly 100 trillion cells
- In **animal cells**: Cell membrane pulled inward by cytoskeleton - In **animal cells**: Cell membrane pulled inward by cytoskeleton
- **"Pinches in"** along equator of cell, forming **"cleavage furrow"** - **"Pinches in"** along equator of cell, forming **"cleavage furrow"**
- In **plant cells**: Golgi apparatus produces and sends vesicles to centre of plant cell **"cell plate"** to make new cell wall and membrane between daughter cells - In **plant cells**: Golgi apparatus produces and sends vesicles to centre of plant cell **"cell plate"** to make new cell wall and membrane between daughter cells
## Cell Specialization ## Cell Specialization
- `Zygote`: A single-celled organism formed from the fertilization of an egg by a sperm cell - `Zygote`: A single-celled organism formed from the fertilization of an egg by a sperm cell, is a totipotent stem cell
- A cell's position in the `gastrula` (outer, middle, inner layer) will determine the fate of the cell, or its potiental. - A cell's position in the `gastrula` (outer, middle, inner layer) will determine the fate of the cell, or its potiental.
- Chemical signals from other cells will also determine activated genes that lead to specialisation
- (LOCATION LOCATION LOCAION!) - (LOCATION LOCATION LOCAION!)
- Specialisation is determined by reading only certain genes
### Stem Cells ### Stem Cells
- They are an **unspecialized** cell that has the potential to become one of several types of cells. - They are an **unspecialized** cell that has the potential to become one of several types of cells.
- After cell division, either both can become stem cells or one stays as a stem cell and the other becomes a specialized cell - Can either divide to two stem cells or
- -