diff --git a/Grade 9/Geography.md b/Grade 9/Geography.md index 81ec31f..2aaa367 100644 --- a/Grade 9/Geography.md +++ b/Grade 9/Geography.md @@ -176,6 +176,18 @@ >> **```Weather```**: The state of the atmosphere at a place and time as regards ```heat, dryness, sunshine, wind, rain, etc``` >> **```Prevailing Wind```**: Wind current that travels west to east +>> ## Climate graph +>> - ```Percipitation``` on the ```right``` +>> - ```Temperature``` on the ```left``` +>> - Use ```blue``` for ```percipitation``` +>> - Use ```red``` for ```temperature``` +>> - Label graph +>> - Month on bottom +>> - mm and degrees in their respective sides +>> - Title + +>> + > ## LOWERN >> |Letter|Description| >> |:-----|:----------| @@ -291,6 +303,14 @@ >> |Deciduous|- The trees that ```drop their leaves``` during the winter to survive
- Found in ```tropical``` climates|- Oak
- Maple
- Hickory trees| >> |Coniferous|- The trees that ```do not drop their leaves``` during the winter
- Found in rather ```cooler``` climates|- Cedar
- Douglas-fir
- Fir| +> ## Aboriginal People +>> ### Attawapiskat +>> - Main source of water for Attawapiskat First Nations is a murky lake full of ```organic matter``` +>> - Water```treatement plants``` is not able to bring water to required standards for humans +>> - Mainly rely on ```bottled water``` +>> - ```Sewage system``` does not work properly +>> - Some families in ```Attawapiskat``` have no access to ```running water``` at all + # Unit 3: Managing Canada's Resources and Industries > ```(Chapters 5-9, pgs. 101-201)``` @@ -317,80 +337,115 @@ > ## Farming >> Problems ->> 1. Loss of Farmland in Ontario ->> - Description +>> 1. ## Loss of Farmland in Ontario +>> - ### Description >> - urban expanision is taking farmland away ->> - Advantages/Attempts +>> - ### Advantages/Attempts >> - Greenbelt act and GTA growth plan will protect farmland in Southern Ontario ->> - Disadvantages/Next Steps +>> - ### Disadvantages/Next Steps >> - Protect forms or else Cnadaians will have a food crisis, where we run out of agricultural products ->> - Solutions +>> - ### Solutions >> - Create "smart" communities >> - Densely packed fmarland, using up less space ->> 2. Decline of the Family Farm and Growth of Agribusiness ->> - Description +>> 2. ## Decline of the Family Farm and Growth of Agribusiness +>> - ### Description >> - Less family farms, more agribusiness (large companies) >> - Better technology and smaller farms ->> - Advantages/Attempts +>> - ### Advantages/Attempts >> - More food produced faster >> - Less soil erosion ->> - Disadvantages/Next Steps +>> - ### Disadvantages/Next Steps >> - Pollution >> - Broken realtionship between farmer and machine >> - More GMOs ->> - Solution +>> - ### Solution >> - Support more sustainable farmers >> - Be aware >> - Use corporate farms with family farm methods ->> 3. Sustainable Agriculture ->> - Description +>> 3. ## Sustainable Agriculture +>> - ### Description >> - Unsustainable agriculutre damages environment too much >> - manure leakage >> - Chemicals >> - Soil pollution ->> - Advantages/Attempts +>> - ### Advantages/Attempts >> - Less damage to environment >> - Less air, water, and soil production >> - Fewer diseases and chemicals ->> - Disadvantages/Next steps +>> - ### Disadvantages/Next steps >> - Chemical leakage in soil >> - Contributes to global warming and GHGs >> - Water, air and soil contamination ->> - Solutions +>> - ### Solutions >> - Have livestock facilities >> - Nutrients management >> - Be energy efficient ->> 4. Organic Farming ->> - Description +>> 4. ## Organic Farming +>> - ### Description >> - Organic foods are being replaced by chemicals, fertilizers, antibiotics, animal cloning, and genetic modification ->> - Advantages/Attempts +>> - ### Advantages/Attempts >> - Many people want to buy organic food productsfree of chemicals pesticides >> - People like to try new products >> - Some like to ensure products taste, concerns for the environment, and GMO prevention in foods ->> - Disadvantage/Next Steps +>> - ### Disadvantage/Next Steps >> - Expensive >> - Labour-costly >> - Skills are needed >> - needs time to grow crops or livestoc naturally ->> - Solutions +>> - ### Solutions >> - Organic farming may increase in the future becuase people may see good in it >> - May be just a trend >> - May decrease due to the fact that it may be expensive and technology may be increasing ->> 5. Mad Cow Disease (BSE) ->> - Description +>> 5. ## Mad Cow Disease (BSE) +>> - ### Description >> - Neurological disease >> - Creates microscopic holes in the brain of affected cattle >> - Gives brain spongy apperanace >> - Spread by cattle feed from dead cows ->> - Disadvantages +>> - ### Disadvantages >> - Could heavily affect world trade due to infected meat ->> - Solutions +>> - ### Solutions >> - Canada accepts beeef from places that can consider and control BSE >> - CFIA (Canadian Food Inspection Agency) banned the use of protein products from cattle, including brain, animal feed and fertilizers ->> 6. GMOs (Genetically Modified Organisms) ->> - Description +>> 6. ## GMOs (Genetically Modified Organisms) +>> - ### Description >> - Impacts the environment ->> - +>> - Sprayed with pesticides and end up in lakes or rivers +>> - Killing off bees and butterflies +>> - ### Advantages/Attempts +>> - Insect resistance +>> - Drought tolerance +>> - Disease tolerance +>> - Reduced food waste +>> - Requires less labour +>> - ### Disadvantages +>> - GMOs result in..... +>> - Tumors +>> - Damaged immune system +>> - Reproductive problems +>> - Allergies +>> - ### Solutions +>> - GMO foods +>> - Organic +>> - Processed Foods +>> - Look for non-GMO project seals in grocery stores +>> 7. ## Factory Farming +>> - ### Description +>> - In the past, livestock was treated properly +>> - Now, they are being confined in small spaces where living conditions are terrible and diseases spread quickly +>> - ### Advantages/Attepmts +>> - Farmers make profit +>> - Farmers can make more money +>> - More food being produced at a cheaper price +>> - ### Disadvantages +>> - Animals are being treated poorly +>> - Animals kill each other +>> - Bad for environment +>> - Pollutes water system +>> - ### Solutions +>> - Buy from fmaily farms +>> - Buy from industries that treat animals properly +>> - Raise awareness @@ -409,8 +464,28 @@ >> |Type of Cutting|Description|Pros|Cons| >> |:--------------|:----------|:---|:---| >> |Clear Cutting|Clears an entire land of trees|Very productive and efficient, Cheap|Harms the environment too much| ->> |Selective Cutting|Only cut down some species of trees|Productive, less harm to the environment|Costly| ->> |Sheltwater Logging|Only cut trees of the desired type, color quality etc|Sustainable practice|Not productive, Very costly| +>> |Shelterwood|Only cut down some species of trees|Productive, less harm to the environment|Costly| +>> |Selective Cutting|Only cut trees of the desired type, color quality etc|Sustainable practice|Not productive, Very costly| + +>> ### Clear-Cutting +>> - Use in most logging operations +>> - ```Remove``` every single tree, leaving barren landscape behind +>> - Most trees are replanted in rows on columns so they can be later cut ```uniformly and easily``` +>> - If no replanting, less desirable species of trees may grow and soil erosion + +>> ### Shelter wood +>> - ```Clear cutting``` groups in a forest +>> - Seed bearing ttrees are left standing so newer generations of trees can grow +>> - Seeds ```regenerate``` logged areas +>> - Shelterwood is used in forests with trees around the ```same age``` +>> - Generations of ```older and younger``` trees is the result + +>> ### Selective Cutting +>> - ```Mature``` trees are only cut +>> - ```Desired size, type of quality``` is taken into account +>> - ```Less disruptive``` to the environment, but ```costly``` to find trees +>> - Does not allow the replanting of a new ```uniform forest``` + > ## Fishing @@ -537,6 +612,9 @@ >> |Stationary|| >> |Constrictive|| +>> % of people is the ```x-axis``` +>> colour your population bars with different colours for gender + > ## Aging Population >> |Problem|Description| @@ -699,6 +777,7 @@ >> ### Analysis >> - Positive, Negative, No correlations >> - Patterns and Trends +>> - Strong, weak line of best fit > ## Foriegn Aid >> ### ODA