From 541114c9853492f11226a1ff0aa361c5d9d3731f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Daniel Chen Date: Fri, 25 Oct 2019 23:45:13 +0000 Subject: [PATCH] Give more detail on ERs, add information on lysosomes, mitochondria, cytoskeleton, and plant vs animal cell comparisons --- Grade 10/Science/SNC2DZ/Unit 2: Biology.md | 40 +++++++++++++++++----- 1 file changed, 31 insertions(+), 9 deletions(-) diff --git a/Grade 10/Science/SNC2DZ/Unit 2: Biology.md b/Grade 10/Science/SNC2DZ/Unit 2: Biology.md index aab106c..e2ed520 100644 --- a/Grade 10/Science/SNC2DZ/Unit 2: Biology.md +++ b/Grade 10/Science/SNC2DZ/Unit 2: Biology.md @@ -70,15 +70,37 @@ A person contains roughly 100 trillion cells - All organelles are suspended in cytosol - Cytoplasm is the cytosol along with everything in a cell, excluding the nucleus -## Rough Endoplasmic reticulum -The endoplasmic reticulum is a network of tubules and flattened sacs with a "rough" appearance because of the presence of ribosomes on the surface +## Endoplasmic Reticulum +- Network of tubules and flattened sacs +- Transport proteins via cytoskeleton in vesicles -### Function -- Protein synthesis - - About half of the cell's proteins are made here, by the ribosomes -- Protein movement - - Proteins are transported by vesicles throught the cell to other organelles, like the golgi apparatus -- Protein "Proof-Reading" - - pre-existing proteins are center the rough-ER for modification +### Rough ER +- Appears "rough" due to the ribosomes attached to its outer surface +- Located directly adjacent and attached to nucleus +- Located next to Golgi apparatus +- Ribosomes in rough ER synthesize proteins + - Only specific proteins are synthesized by ribosomes of rough ER + - Proteins synthesized in ribosomes of rough ER are always sent to either Golgi apparatus via vesicles or stay in rough ER + - Ribosomes attach to and leave the rough ER regularly + - About half the cell's proteins are produced here +- Modify, fold, and fix proteins +### Smooth ER +- Does not synthesize proteins +- Appears "smooth" due to lack of ribosomes +- Located directly adjacent and attached to nucleus +- Synthesizes lipids (fats, e.g., cholesterol) +- Metabolises carbohydrates +## Lysosome + - Spherical vesicle that contains enzymes + - Digests and kills foreign matter which is then excreted + - Digests and breaks down old and unused material to be recycled + - Digests and breaks down old or non-functional organelles as needed + - Only plays a very minor role in cell suicide (apoptosis) + - If lysosome does rupture (accidentally) everything dies + +## Mitochondrion + - **Plural is "mitochondria"** + - Contains an inner and outer membrane + - Processes glucose + oxygen gas to form carbon dioxide + adenosine triphosphate (ATP) \ No newline at end of file