From 5e889437bf177b091883ff34cc7ce1853698ae0a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: James Su Date: Sat, 27 Apr 2019 16:13:57 +0000 Subject: [PATCH] Update Study_Sheet.md --- Grade 9/Science/SNC1DZ/Study_Sheet.md | 66 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++- 1 file changed, 65 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/Grade 9/Science/SNC1DZ/Study_Sheet.md b/Grade 9/Science/SNC1DZ/Study_Sheet.md index 4bb7789..5825486 100644 --- a/Grade 9/Science/SNC1DZ/Study_Sheet.md +++ b/Grade 9/Science/SNC1DZ/Study_Sheet.md @@ -105,6 +105,41 @@ Chemical Change A change in the starting substance and the production of ONE or more new substances
Original substance does not disappear BUT the composition is rearranged + +Molecule +Two or more non-metal atoms joined together + + +Diatomic Molecules +Molecules that only consists of 2 elements
`H O F BR I N CL` - `hyrodgen`, `oxygen`, `fluorine`, `bromine`, `iodine`, `nitrogen`, `chlorine`. + + +Ions +A Charged particle, that results from a loss (cation - positve, less electrons) or gain (anion - negative, more electrons) of electrons when bonding + + +Electron +Negatively Charged + + +Proton +Positively Charged + + +Neutron +Neutral Charged + +Ionic Charge +The sum of the positive and negative charges in a ion + + +Covalent Bond +The sharing of electrons between atoms when bonding + + +Valence Electrons +Number of electrons on the most outer orbit/shell of the element + ## Particle Theory of Matter @@ -211,8 +246,37 @@ ## Carbon ## Atoms +- Subscripts - tells us how many of the atom are there, for example N2 means there are 2 nitrongen atoms. +- Use distrubutive property if there are brackets and a subscript, for example, (CO)2 is equilivant to C2O2. +- Atoms are stable if they have a full valence shell (noble gases) +- Each family has the same amount of valence electrons as their family number, so `alkali metals` would have 1 valence electron, `alkaline earth metals` will have 2, `halogens will have` 7 and `noble gases` would have 8. +- They will also have the same amount of protons as their `atomic number`. +- **Number of protons = Number of electrons**. +- **Number of neutrons = mass - atomic number/number of protons**. + + +## Bohr-Rutherford / Lewis-Dot Diagrams +- **Bohr-Rutherford** + - Draw nucleus, and draw the apprioate number of orbits. + - Put number of **protons** and **neutrons** in the nucleus. + - Draw the correct number of electrons in each orbit + + +- **Lewis-Dot Diagrams** + - Draw element symbol + - Put the right number of valence electrons around the symbol, perferably in pairs + + +### Bonding +- To combine 2 atoms, each element wants to be stable. So they each want a full valence shell, (outer shell) so they are stable. +- They can either `gain`, `lose` or `share` electrons in order to become stable. +- Example: + - Oxygen and Hydrogen, in order to become stable, they all need 8 valence electrons. Hydrogen has 1, oxygen has 6, so we bring in another hyrdogen and we let them share all their electrons, turning into H2O, or water. + + +- Use **arrows** to show gaining or losing electrons. +- **Circle** to show sharing of electrons. -## Bohr-Rutherford / Louis-Dot Diagrams ## Naming of Ionic Bonds