diff --git a/Grade 10/Science/SNC2DZ/Unit 1: Chemistry.md b/Grade 10/Science/SNC2DZ/Unit 1: Chemistry.md index 1fb20d3..14e24e7 100644 --- a/Grade 10/Science/SNC2DZ/Unit 1: Chemistry.md +++ b/Grade 10/Science/SNC2DZ/Unit 1: Chemistry.md @@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ - Matter - has mass, takes up space. - fundamental unit -> ATOMS - One `formula unit` - repeating strucure in an ionic compound taht has the simplest ratio of ions in the compound +- Ions are particles with charges ## Atoms - Atoms are the smallest unit of an element that still retains its properties @@ -55,6 +56,7 @@ - Most metals are considered to be multi-metals - can form ions of differing charges - add roman numerals to the ions name to indicate its charge, for example, iron($`III`$) oxide. + ## Non-Metals - They are dull, bad conductors - insulators - Tend to gain electrons @@ -93,3 +95,21 @@ |$`K_3P`$|Potassium phosphide| |$`Mg_3P_2`$|Magnesium phosphide| +## Polyatomic Ions +- Ions that are made of $`\ge 2`$ atoms. +- Molecules with a charge +- eg. $`CaCo_3`$ + - $`Ca \rightarrow`$ Calcium ion $`Ca^{2+}`$ `(Cation)` + - $`CO_3 \rightarrow`$ Carbonate ion $`CO_3^{2-}`$ `(Anion)` + - Calcium carbonate +- The ones that are not multi-valent are: + - The first 20 elements + - alkali metals + - alkaline earth metals + - non-metals (the ones hugging the staircase are also non-metals (some of the metalloids)) + - halogens + - noble gases + +- Going down diagonally from aluminium, we get a pattern of 3+, 2+, 1+ of charge. Aluminium has a charge of 3+, Zinc has a charge of 2+, and silver has a charge of 1+, and they +are all mono-valent. (not multi-valent) +- If there is more than one polyatomic ion in a formula unit, then surround the ion with brackets