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Update Unit 2: Biology.md

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Daniel Chen 2019-11-07 15:19:53 +00:00
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Grade 10/Science/SNC2DZ/Unit 2: Biology.md
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@ -163,18 +163,18 @@ A person contains roughly 100 trillion cells
### Purpose ### Purpose
#### 1. Reproduction ### 1. Reproduction
- Single-cellular organisms reproduce via division **asexually** - Single-cellular organisms reproduce via division **asexually**
- Multicellular organisms reproduce via combining two germ cells ("sex cells") that contain half the DNA each of two organisms - Multicellular organisms reproduce via combining two germ cells ("sex cells") that contain half the DNA each of two organisms
- This is **sexual** - This is **sexual**
#### 2. Growth ### 2. Growth
- Cells have maximum size before transportation of substances within cell becomes **inefficient**, due to **larger cells** decreasing efficiency of `diffusion` - Cells have maximum size before transportation of substances within cell becomes **inefficient**, due to **larger cells** decreasing efficiency of `diffusion`
- Cells transport chemicals (e.g., nutrients) via `diffusion`, this **limits cell size** - Cells transport chemicals (e.g., nutrients) via `diffusion`, this **limits cell size**
- The only way to maintain proper function and get bigger is to **add more cells** - The only way to maintain proper function and get bigger is to **add more cells**
#### 3. Repair ### 3. Repair
- **Organisms need to repair cells to stay alive and maintain proper health** - **Organisms need to repair cells to stay alive and maintain proper health**
- Millions of cells are replaced everyday - Millions of cells are replaced everyday
- Cells naturally die and need to be replaced - Cells naturally die and need to be replaced
@ -201,7 +201,7 @@ A person contains roughly 100 trillion cells
- Cell no longer divides ("cell cycle arrest") - Cell no longer divides ("cell cycle arrest")
- Outside of cell cycle - Outside of cell cycle
#### Mitosis ### Mitosis
- `Chromatid`: Supercoiled DNA, only visible during mitosis, cannot be read without unwinding, similar to compressed zip file - `Chromatid`: Supercoiled DNA, only visible during mitosis, cannot be read without unwinding, similar to compressed zip file
- `Chromosome`: Two identical "sister chromatids" held together in centre by `centromere`, or one sister chromatid after anaphase - `Chromosome`: Two identical "sister chromatids" held together in centre by `centromere`, or one sister chromatid after anaphase
- `Centromere`: Proteins sticking sister chromatids - `Centromere`: Proteins sticking sister chromatids
@ -229,7 +229,7 @@ A person contains roughly 100 trillion cells
- **Cytokinesis** usually begins in telophase - **Cytokinesis** usually begins in telophase
- Cell starts to **cleave** (cell centre starts to pinch itself) - Cell starts to **cleave** (cell centre starts to pinch itself)
#### Cytokinesis ### Cytokinesis
- Cell division - Cell division
- Cell splits completely to two daughter cells - Cell splits completely to two daughter cells
- In **animal cells**: Cell membrane pulled inward by cytoskeleton - In **animal cells**: Cell membrane pulled inward by cytoskeleton