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Update Unit 2: Biology.md
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@ -163,18 +163,18 @@ A person contains roughly 100 trillion cells
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### Purpose
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#### 1. Reproduction
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### 1. Reproduction
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- Single-cellular organisms reproduce via division **asexually**
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- Multicellular organisms reproduce via combining two germ cells ("sex cells") that contain half the DNA each of two organisms
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- This is **sexual**
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#### 2. Growth
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### 2. Growth
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- Cells have maximum size before transportation of substances within cell becomes **inefficient**, due to **larger cells** decreasing efficiency of `diffusion`
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- Cells transport chemicals (e.g., nutrients) via `diffusion`, this **limits cell size**
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- The only way to maintain proper function and get bigger is to **add more cells**
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#### 3. Repair
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### 3. Repair
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- **Organisms need to repair cells to stay alive and maintain proper health**
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- Millions of cells are replaced everyday
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- Cells naturally die and need to be replaced
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@ -201,7 +201,7 @@ A person contains roughly 100 trillion cells
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- Cell no longer divides ("cell cycle arrest")
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- Outside of cell cycle
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#### Mitosis
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### Mitosis
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- `Chromatid`: Supercoiled DNA, only visible during mitosis, cannot be read without unwinding, similar to compressed zip file
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- `Chromosome`: Two identical "sister chromatids" held together in centre by `centromere`, or one sister chromatid after anaphase
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- `Centromere`: Proteins sticking sister chromatids
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@ -229,7 +229,7 @@ A person contains roughly 100 trillion cells
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- **Cytokinesis** usually begins in telophase
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- Cell starts to **cleave** (cell centre starts to pinch itself)
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#### Cytokinesis
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### Cytokinesis
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- Cell division
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- Cell splits completely to two daughter cells
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- In **animal cells**: Cell membrane pulled inward by cytoskeleton
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