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Update Unit 2: Biology.md

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James Su 2019-10-25 18:16:03 +00:00
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Grade 10/Science/SNC2DZ/Unit 2: Biology.md
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@ -50,12 +50,14 @@ A person contains roughly 100 trillion cells
- Holds deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) in form of chromatin - Holds deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) in form of chromatin
- DNA is a double helix that make genes - DNA is a double helix that make genes
- Genes are a complete set of instructions to make a complete product (typically proteins) - Genes are a complete set of instructions to make a complete product (typically proteins)
- `Genes`: one of the many sets of instructions, in your DNA, found on a **chromosome**, for making a functional product (mostly proteins)
- Chromatin is DNA wrapped tightly in protein - Chromatin is DNA wrapped tightly in protein
- Chromosomes are even more tightly wrapped chromatin used in cell division only - Chromosomes are even more tightly wrapped chromatin used in cell division only
- Surrounded by a double membrane - Surrounded by a double membrane
- Substances enter and exit the nucleus via nuclear pores - Substances enter and exit the nucleus via nuclear pores
- Messenger RNA (mRNA) is encoded from DNA and sent to ribosomes to produce proteins - Messenger RNA (mRNA) is encoded from DNA and sent to ribosomes to produce proteins
### Nucleolus ### Nucleolus
- Dense region of DNA located in the nucleus - Dense region of DNA located in the nucleus
- This area of DNA is specially for ribosomal DNA (rDNA), or DNA used to make ribosomes - This area of DNA is specially for ribosomal DNA (rDNA), or DNA used to make ribosomes
@ -66,4 +68,17 @@ A person contains roughly 100 trillion cells
### Cytoplasm & Cytosol ### Cytoplasm & Cytosol
- Cytosol is the fluid cells contain - Cytosol is the fluid cells contain
- All organelles are suspended in cytosol - All organelles are suspended in cytosol
- Cytoplasm is the cytosol along with everything in a cell, excluding the nucleus - Cytoplasm is the cytosol along with everything in a cell, excluding the nucleus
## Rough Endoplasmic reticulum
The endoplasmic reticulum is a network of tubules and flattened sacs with a "rough" appearance because of the presence of ribosomes on the surface
### Function
- Protein synthesis
- About half of the cell's proteins are made here, by the ribosomes
- Protein movement
- Proteins are transported by vesicles throught the cell to other organelles, like the golgi apparatus
- Protein "Proof-Reading"
- pre-existing proteins are center the rough-ER for modification