From 9b62302f8c0df6f7fba21414a9f5a0da9604ded8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Daniel Chen Date: Sat, 26 Oct 2019 00:18:45 +0000 Subject: [PATCH] Update Unit 2: Biology.md --- Grade 10/Science/SNC2DZ/Unit 2: Biology.md | 40 +++++++++++++++++++++- 1 file changed, 39 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/Grade 10/Science/SNC2DZ/Unit 2: Biology.md b/Grade 10/Science/SNC2DZ/Unit 2: Biology.md index e2ed520..d1b354f 100644 --- a/Grade 10/Science/SNC2DZ/Unit 2: Biology.md +++ b/Grade 10/Science/SNC2DZ/Unit 2: Biology.md @@ -103,4 +103,42 @@ A person contains roughly 100 trillion cells ## Mitochondrion - **Plural is "mitochondria"** - Contains an inner and outer membrane - - Processes glucose + oxygen gas to form carbon dioxide + adenosine triphosphate (ATP) \ No newline at end of file + - Processes glucose + oxygen gas to form carbon dioxide + adenosine triphosphate (ATP) + - ATP allows proteins to do things (e.g., spend 1 ATP break 1 molecule) + - ATP cannot be stored + - Mitochondria have their own DNA + +## Cytoskeleton + - Made of protein filaments + - Maintains and changes cell structure, much like a human skeleton + muscular system + - Moves cells + - Chemicals can travel along cytoskeleton, e.g., organelles, vesicles, etc. + +## Organelles specific to animal cells +### Centrioles and centrosomes + - Made of same protein as cytoskeleton + - A centrosome is a pair of centrioles + - Very important to cell division + - Split chromosomes apart after DNA has been replicated into daughter cells + - Helps regulate cell division + - Create cilia and flagella (e.g., small hair-like things that swipe dirt out of lungs and tails of sperm, respectively) + +### Lysosomes + +## Organelles specific to plant cells +### Cell wall + - Provides structure and prevents cell rupture + - Can be tough, flexible, and/or rigid + - Permeable to small molecules + - Made of cellulose (type of sugar) + - Also present in most bacteria, fungi, and protists + +### Central vacuole + - Extremely large, may take up to 90% of volume in cell + - Contains water + - Maintains turgor pressure against cell wall (pushes against cell wall in all directions) + +### Chloroplasts + - Conduct photosynthesis + - All chlorophyll is located in chloroplasts + - Looks green \ No newline at end of file