From a61a3ac5a948ce235f4cd741db6d8611e75ad577 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: James Su Date: Tue, 11 Jun 2019 19:21:04 +0000 Subject: [PATCH] Update Unit_5_Astronomy_Study_Sheet.md --- .../SNC1DZ/Unit_5_Astronomy_Study_Sheet.md | 73 +++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 73 insertions(+) diff --git a/Grade 9/Science/SNC1DZ/Unit_5_Astronomy_Study_Sheet.md b/Grade 9/Science/SNC1DZ/Unit_5_Astronomy_Study_Sheet.md index e69de29..a1abbea 100644 --- a/Grade 9/Science/SNC1DZ/Unit_5_Astronomy_Study_Sheet.md +++ b/Grade 9/Science/SNC1DZ/Unit_5_Astronomy_Study_Sheet.md @@ -0,0 +1,73 @@ +# Unit 5: Astronomy + +## Suns Affect on Earth + +### The Aurora Borealis (Northern Lights) +- The `Northern Lights` are the result of collisions between gaseous particles in the Earth's atmosphere with charged particles released from the sun's atmosphere. +- `Solar winds` travelling toward Earth follow the lines of `magnetic force` created by Earth’s magnetic field (which is strongest near the **NORTH** and **SOUTH** `poles`). +- Near the poles, they come in contact with particles in Earth’s atmosphere, producing a display of `light` in the night sky. +- `Northern Lights` = `Aurora Borealis`. +- `Southern Lights` = `Aurora Australis`. + +## The Solar System + + + +### Planets +1. A planet must orbit a star +2. A planet must be big enough for its gravity to pull into a round shape +3. It must be big enough to clear most asteroids out of its path for its orbit. +- If they can't do these things, it's not a planet, it's a dwarf planet. + +### Drawf Planets +- A celestial object that orbits the Sun and has a spherical shape but **does not** dominate its orbit. +- Ceres, Pluto, Haumea, Makemake, and Eris +- `Pluto’s` tilted orbit crosses Neptune’s orbit +- + +### The Inner Planets +- Mercury, Venus, Earth & Mars. +- Small rocky planets. +- Located between the `Sun` and `Asteroid Belt`. + +|Planet|Orbital Period|Rotation|Atmosphere|Temperature|Number of Moons|Rings?|Unique Characteristics| +|:-----|:-------------|:-------|:---------|:----------|:---------|:----|:---------------------| +|Mercury|88 days|59 days|None|180 to 400oC|0|No|- No atmosphere to trap heat
- Contains craters
- Rarely visible in our night sky because its is so close to the sun| +|Venus|224.7 days|243 days, `(Opposite rotation)`|Carbon dioxide, nitrogen|462oC|0|No|- Brightest object in the sky after the Sun & Moon| +|Earth|365.26 days|24 hours|Nitrogen, Oxygen|-88 to 58oC|1|No|- Ozone filters some of the damaging radiation from the Sun
- Temperatures are constant
- 70% of planet's surface is water| +|Mars|687 days|24.65 hours|Carbon dioxide, Nitrogen|-90 to -5oC|2|No|- Called the `red planet` due to its rusty soil
- Very dry
- Once had volcanoes, glaciers, & water| + +### The Outer Planets +- Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune +- `Large`, composed of `gas`. +- Atopsheres consist mainlyof the gases `hydrogen` and `helium`. + +|Planet|Orbital Period|Rotation|Atmosphere|Temperature|Number of Moons|Rings?|Unique Characteristics| +|:-----|:-------------|:-------|:---------|:----------|:---------|:----|:---------------------| +|Jupiter|11.9 years|9.85 hours|Hydrogen, Helium, methane|-148oC|63|Yes|- Largest planet (11x the diameter of the Earth)
- Features are its coloured bands, the Great Red Spot & hurricanes
- Orbiting rings of rocks| +|Saturn|29.5 years|10.65 hours|Hydrogen, Helium, Methane|-178oC|60|Yes|- Second largest, no solid core
- Cloudy & windy, over 1000 separate rings| +|Uranus|84.1 years|17.3 hours `(on its side)`|Hydrogen, Helium, Methane|-216oC|27|Yes|- Winds blow up to 500km/h| +|Neptune|164.8 years|15.7 hours|Hydrogen, Helium, Methane|-214oC|13|Yes|- Uneven orbit, Bright blue & white clouds
- Has a dark region called the Great Dark Spot, which appears to be the center of a storm| + +### Asteroids +- They are composed of rock & metal. +- Although they orbit the Sun, they are too small to be considered planets. +- Most asteroids lie in the asteroid belt, located between Mars & Jupiter. +- A **`meteroid`** is a piece of metal or rock that is `smaller` than an asteroid. +- Sometimes a meteroid get pulled in by `Earth's gravity`. They `burn` up in the Earth's `atmosphere`, creating a bright streak of `light` across the sky, know as **`meteor`** (shooting star). +- Larger meteors do not burn up completely in the atmosphere and their `remains`, which we call **`meteorites`**, crash to the ground. +- + +### Asteroid Belt +- 700,000 to 1.7 million asteroids with a diameter of 1 km or more. +- Over 200 asteroids are known to be larger than 100 km. +- + +### Comets +- **`Comets`** are large chunks of `ice, dust`, and `rock` that orbit the Sun. +- As a comet approaches the Sun, radiation and solar wind from the Sun, causes a `gaseous tail` to form, `pointing` directly `away` from the Sun. +- A `dust` tail forms in the direction from which the comet originated. +- Most comets have 2 tails; + - `gaseous tail` + - `dust tail` +- \ No newline at end of file