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Grade 10/Science/SNC2DZ/Unit 2: Biology.md
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# Unit 2 Biology
- Tissues
- Organs,
- Organs
- Systems of living things
## Celular Biology
A person contains roughly 100 tillion cells
- Cells are roughly 20 $`\um`$ (micrometer, $`10^{-6}`$ m), around 250 cells / cm
## Cellular Biology
A person contains roughly 100 trillion cells
- Cells are roughly 20 `\um` (micrometer, $`10^{-6}`$ m), around 250 cells / cm
## Cell Theory
1. All living things are composed of cells
2. Cells are the basic units of living organisms
3. All cells came from pre-existing cells
## Types Of Cells
## Eukaryotic versus Prokaryotic Cells
`Prokaryotic cell`: Meaning before/lacking nucleus
`Eukaryotic cell`: Means complete nucleus
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|DNA|In nuclear region|Usually in membrane, bound nucleus|
|Size|Usually smaller|Usually larger|
|Organelles|Not membrane-bound, smaller|Membrane-bound, more complex|
|Organization|Usually single-celled|Often multicelled|
|Organization|Usually singlecelled|Often multicelled|
|Metabolism|May not need oxygen|Usually needs oxygen to exist|
## Cellular Organelles
### Cell Membrane
- Controls what substances enter/leave the cell selectively
- Allows nutrients to enter
- Allows waste products to leave
- Surrounds and holds other organelles in cell
### Nucleus
- Holds deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) in form of chromatin
- DNA is a double helix that make genes
- Genes are a complete set of instructions to make a complete product (typically proteins)
- Chromatin is DNA wrapped tightly in protein
- Chromosomes are even more tightly wrapped chromatin used in cell division only
- Surrounded by a double membrane
- Substances enter and exit the nucleus via nuclear pores
- Messenger RNA (mRNA) is encoded from DNA and sent to ribosomes to produce proteins
### Nucleolus
- Dense region of DNA located in the nucleus
- This area of DNA is specially for ribosomal DNA (rDNA)
- Produce "large" and "small" units of complete ribosomes, which either remain free or mix with endoplasmic reticulum, forming rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER)
- Is *not* surrounded by a membrane, literally is just same as rest of nucleus but denser