# Music Review Sheet!
# Intervals
> ## How to determine an interval
> 1. Size matters
> - Count the number of ```lines``` and ```spaces``` between and including the ones that the 2 pitches are on (+2)
> - Do not count them as the enharmonic equivalent, a ```C flat``` is a ```C flat```, **```NOT```** a ```B```
> 2. Construct Table
> - |Size|Number of Semitones|
> |:---|:------------------|
> |P 1|0|
> |M 2|2|
> |M 3|4|
> |P 4|5|
> |P 5|7|
> |M 6|9|
> |M 7|11|
> |P 8|12|
> - **Remember**: **```P, M, M, P, P, M, M, P```**
> - **Remember**: **```0, 2, 4, 5, 7, 9, 11, 12```**
> 3. Construct Keyboard
> - Tone, Tone Semitone, Tone, Tone, Tone semitone
> - Chop sticks
> - Foot ball posts
> 
> 4. Put 2 pitches on the correct notes on the key board
> - put the pitches correct / corresponding to the key
> 5. Count the number of semitones
> - Counting from one semitone to the other counts as **```ONE```** semitone
> - Example: ```C``` to ```C#``` is **```ONE```** semitone
> 6. Find Quailty and Quantity of Interval
> - Look to your table and see what is interval matching the correct number of semitones and size
> - Example: An interval with the ```size of 5``` and ```7 semitones``` is a ```Perfect 5th```
> ## How to construct an interval
> 1. First count the size of the interval to find the note
> 2. Then count the correct number of semitones from the base note to find the pitch of the note
> - Example:
> - G is the base note, constuct a major 2
> - Count for 2 notes, you get A
> - Count 2 semitones from G
> - G -> G# (1 semitone), G# -> A (2 semitones)
> - A is the correct answer
# Rhythms
> Go to this [link](https://classroom.google.com/u/0/c/MTc1NTQxOTY2MjBa) for more information and practice
> Remember:
> The Grand Staff
> Lines are counter from the ```bottom``` to ```top```
> ## Treble Clef
> - F A C E
> - 
> - E G B D F
> - 
> ## Bass Clef
> - G B D F A
> - 
> - A C E G
> - 
> - The ```G Clef``` is The ```Treble Clef```
> - The ```F Clef``` is the ```Bass Clef```
> ## Ledger Lines
> - Only there to suppor the note
> - Do not write it above the note
> - Is to extend outside of the ```grand staff```
> ## Notes
>> 
>> 
> ## Measure, Bar Line and Double Bar Line
> - Music is divided into equal parts by BAR LINES
> - The area between two barlines are called a MEASURE or a BAR
> - A DOUBLE BAR LINE is written at the end of a piece of music
> - Its made up of one thin and one thick line
> - The thick line is always on the outside
> - On a grand Staff, the double bar line passes through the entire staff
> - When dividing barlines, be sure to divided evenly
# Unit 3
> ## Time Signature and Note Values
> - The UPPER number tells how many ```beats (or counts)``` are in each measure.
> - The LOWER number indicates what type of note receives 1 beat
> ## Whole Half and Quater Rests
> - **Remember**: ```B```at, ```H```at, ```S```quigly
> - **Remember**: If an entire bar/measure is rest, then mark it with a **```WHOLE```** rest, doesn't matter what time signature it is
> - 
> ## Ties and Slurs
> - Tie joins two notes of the ```same``` pitch
> - The tied note's value is added to the value of the first note
> - The tie should always be written on the opposite side from the note stems
# Unit 4
> ## Repeat Signs and Second Endings
> - Two dots placed before the double bar indicates a ```repeat sign```
> it means to go back to the beginning
> ## First and Second endings
> -It means after repeating from the end of the first ending, skip the first ending and go the second ending
> ## Eigth Notes
> - When you add a flag to the stem of a quarter note, it becomes EIGHTH NOTE
> - They are 1/2 of a quarter note
> - An even number of eight notes can be grouped together with something called a ```beam```
> ## Eigth Rest
> - Its equal to half the value of a quarter rest
> Dotted notes
> - a Dot represents a value of half of its original beat
> - Example: A dotted quarted note is 1.5 beats
# Unit 5
> ## Dyanmic Signs
>> |Italian|Sign|English|
>> |:------|:---|:------|
>> |Piano|
|soft|
>> |Forte|
|loud|
>> |Mezzo Piano|
|moderately soft|
>> |Mezzo Forte|
|moderately loud|
>> |Pianissimo|
|very soft|
>> |Fortissimo|
|very loud|
>> |Italian|Sign|English|
>> |:------|:---|:------|
>> |crescendo or cresc|
|gradually louder
>> |diminuendo or dim. or decrescendo or decresc|
|gradually softer|
> ## Tempo Marks
>> |Italian|English|
>> |:------|:------|
>> |Largo|Very slow|
>> |Adagio|Slow|
>> |Andante|Moving along (walking speed)|
>> |Moderato|Moderately|
>> |Allegro|Quickly, cheerfully|
>> |Vivace|Lively and Fast|
>> |Italian|Term|English|
>> |ritardando|ritard. or rit.|gradually slower|
>> |accerlerando|accel|gradually faster|
> ## Articulation
>> |Italian|Symbol|English|
>> |:------|:-----|:------|
>> |staccato|
|play the note ```short and detached```. The italian word means "detached".
>> |accent|
|Play the note louder, with a special emphasis|
>> |sforzando|
|A sudden, strong accent. The italian word mean "forcing".|
>> |tenuto|
|Hold the note for its full value. The italian word means "held".|
>> |fermata|
|Hold the note longer than its normal value (approximately twice the normal duration)|
# Unit 6
> ## Flats
> - One semitone lower than the current note
> - Remember, C flat is not the same thing as B
> ## Sharps
> - One semitone higher than the current note
> - Remember, E sharp is not the same thing as F
> ## Naturals
> - If the note was a sharp or a flat, cancel it out
> - C# --> C, Db --> D
# History