# Unit 1 # Unit 2 ## Chemistry Vocabulary List
Word Definition (or diagram/translation)
Particle Theory of Matter Theory that describes the composition and behaviour of matter as being composed of small particles with empty space
Matter Substance that has mass and occupies space
Mechanical Mixture A heterogeneous mixture which one can physically separate
Suspension A heterogeneous mixture where insoluble solid particles are distributed throughout a fluid, floating freely/td>
Alloy A combination of 2+ metals
Mixture A substance that is made up of at least 2 types of particles
Qualitative property A property of a substance that is not measured and doesn't have a numerical value, such as colour, odour, and texture
Qualitative observation An numerical observation
Precipitate A solid that separates from a solution
Density A measure of how much mass is contained in a given unit volume of a substance; calculated by dividing the mass of a sample of its volume (mass/volume)
Element Element An element is made up of the same atoms throughout, and cannot be broken down further
Metal a solid material that is typically hard, shiny, malleable, fusible, and ductile, with good electrical and thermal conductivity
Pure substance A substance that is made up of only one type of particle
Atom The smallest unit of matter found in substances
Solution A uniform mixture of 2 or more substances
Colloid is substance with small particles suspended in it, unable to be separated by gravity
Emulsion A mixture of 2 insoluble liquids, in which one liquid is suspended in the other
Physical Property Characteristic of a substance that can be determined without changing the makeup of the substance
Characteristic A physical property that is unique to a substance and can be used to identify the substance
Periodic Table a table of the chemical elements arranged in order of atomic number, usually in rows, so that elements with similar atomic structure (and hence similar chemical properties) appear in vertical columns.
Compound Compounds are chemically joined atoms of different elements
Non-Metal A substance that isn’t a metal
## Physical Properties - A characeristic of a substance that can be determined without changing the composition ("make-up") of that substance - Characteristics can be determinded using your 5 senses and measuring instruments - smell, taste, touch, hearing, sight - scales, tape, measuring meter ## Qualitative and Quantitative Properties |Type|Definition|Example| |:---|:---------|:------| |Quantitative Property|A property that IS measured and has **```a numerical value```** |Ex. **```Temperature, height, mass, density```**| |Qualitative Property|A property that is NOT measured and has **```no numerical value```**|Ex. **```Colour, odor, texture```**| ## Quantitative physical Properties - **```Density```**: amount of ```stuff``` (or mass) per unit volume (g/cm3) - **```Freezing Point```**: point where water solidifies (0oC) - **```Melting Point```**: point where water liquefies (0oC) - **```Boiling Point```**: point where liquid phase becomes gaseous (100oC) ## Common Qualitative Physical Properties |Type|Definition|Example| |:---|:---------|:------| |Lustre|Shininess of dullness
Referred to as high or low lustre depending on the shininess|| |Clarity|The ability to allow light through|```Transparent``` (Glass)
```Translucent``` (Frosted Glass)
```Opaque``` (Brick)| |Brittleness|Breakability or flexibility
Glass would be considered as brittle whereas slime/clay are flexible| |Viscosity|The ability of a liquid or gas to resist flow or not pour readily through
Refer to as more or less viscous|Molasses is more viscous, water is less (gases tend to get"thicker as heated; liquids get runnier)| |Hardness|The relative ability to scratch or be scratched by another substance
Referred to as high or low level of hardness| Can use a scale (1 is wax, 10 is diamond)| |Malleability|the ability of a substance ```to be hammered``` into a thinner sheet or molded|Silver is malleable
Play dough/pizza dough is less
glass is not malleable| |Ductility|the ability of a substance to be pulled into a finer strand|Pieces of copper can be drawn into thin wires, ductile| |Electrical Conductivity|The ability of a substance to allow electric current to pass through it
Refer to as high and low conductivity|Copper wires have high conductivity
Plastic has no conductivity| |Form: Crystalline Solid|Have their particles arranged in an orderly geometric pattern|Salt and Diamonods| |Form: Amorphous Solid|Have their particles randomly distributed without any long-range-pattern|Plastic, Glass, Charcoal| # Chemical Property - A characteristic (property) of a substance that describes its ability to undergo ```changes to its composition to produce one of more new substances. AKA BEHAVIOUR. Everything has one!``` - ```Cannot be determined by physical properties``` - E.g. ability of nails /cars to rust - Fireworks are explosive - Denim is resistant to soap, but is combustible - Baking soda reacts with vinegar and cake ingredients to rise - Bacterial cultures convert milk to cheese, grapes to wine, cocoa to chocolate - CLR used to clean kettles, showerheads because it breaks down minerals - Silver cleaner for tarnished jewellery, dishes because silver reacts with air to turn black # Elements - At the present time ```118``` elements are known. - These elements vary widely in their abundance - For example, only five elements account for over 90% of the Earth's crust: oxygen, silicon, aluminum, iron and calcium. ## Naming of Ionic Bonds 1. Write cation (metal) first 2. Write anion (non-metal) second 3. Change the ending of the non-metal to ```ide```. ## Decomposition - A chemical change used to break compounds down into simpler substances - Energy must be ADDED - Using electricity - Adding thermal energy ## Catalyst - Substance that accelerates a chemical change without being consumed OR changed itself ## Uses of Hydrogen Peroxide - On cuts/scraps - Blood has a catalyst = see bubbling O2 - Cleans contact lenses - Bubbling removes dirt - Bleaches - React with compounds that provide color - RESULT = no colour (bleach blond hair/teeth)