# Unit 1 # Unit 2 # Chemistry Vocabulary List
Word Definition (or diagram/translation)
Particle Theory of Matter Theory that describes the composition and behaviour of matter
Matter Physical substance that occupies space & matter
Mechanical Mixture A mixture in which you can distinguish between different types of matter
# Physical Properties - A characeristic of a substance that can be determined without changing the composition ("make-up") of that substance - Characteristics can be determinded using your 5 senses and measuring instruments - smell, taste, touch, hearing, sight - scales, tape, measuring meter # Qualitative and Quantitative Properties > |Type|Definition|Example| > |:---|:---------|:------| > |Quantitative Property|A property that IS measured and has **```a numerical value```** |Ex. **```Temperature, height, mass, density```**| > |Qualitative Property|A property that is NOT measured and has **```no numerical value```**|Ex. **```Colour, odor, texture```**| > ## Quantitative physical Properties > - **```Density```**: amount of ```stuff``` (or mass) per unit volume (g/cm3) > - **```Freezing Point```**: point where water solidifies (0oC) > - **```Melting Point```**: point where water liquefies (0oC) > - **```Boiling Point```**: point where liquid phase becomes gaseous (100oC) >> ## Common Qualitative Physical Properties >> |Type|Definition|Example| >> |:---|:---------|:------| >> |Lustre|Shininess of dullness
Referred to as high or low lustre depending on the shininess|| >> |Clarity|The ability to allow light through|```Transparent``` (Glass)
```Translucent``` (Frosted Glass)
```Opaque``` (Brick)| >> |Brittleness|Breakability or flexibility
Glass would be considered as brittle whereas slime/clay are flexible| >> |Viscosity|The ability of a liquid or gas to resist flow or not pour readily through
Refer to as more or less viscous|Molasses is more viscous, water is less (gases tend to get"thicker as heated; liquids get runnier)| >> |Hardness|The relative ability to scratch or be scratched by another substance
Referred to as high or low level of hardness| Can use a scale (1 is wax, 10 is diamond)| >> |Malleability|the ability of a substance ```to be hammered``` into a thinner sheet or molded|Silver is malleable
Play dough/pizza dough is less
glass is not malleable| >> |Ductility|the ability of a substance to be pulled into a finer strand|Pieces of copper can be drawn into thin wires, ductile| >> |Electrical Conductivity|The ability of a substance to allow electric current to pass through it
Refer to as high and low conductivity|Copper wires have high conductivity
Plastic has no conductivity| >> |Form: Crystalline Solid|Have their particles arranged in an orderly geometric pattern|Salt and Diamonods| >> |Form: Amorphous Solid|Have their particles randomly distributed without any long-range-pattern|Plastic, Glass, Charcoal| # Chemical Property > A characteristic (property) of a substance that describes its ability to undergo ```changes to its composition to produce one of more new substances. AKA BEHAVIOUR. Everything has one!``` > ```Cannot be determined by physical properties``` > E.g. ability of nails /cars to rust > Firewors are explosive > Denim is resistant to soap, but is combustible > Baking soda reacts with vinegar and cake ingredients to rise > Bacterial cultures convert milk to cheese, grapes to wine, cocoa to chocolate > CLR used to clean kettles, showerheads because it breaks down minerals > Silver cleaner for tarnished jewellery, dishes because silver reacts with air to turn black # Elements - At the present time ```118``` elements are known. - These elements vary widely in their abundance - For example, only five elements account for over 90% of the Earth's crust: oxygen, silicon, aluminum, iron and calcium.