3.2 KiB
3.2 KiB
HL History - 1
The course code for this page is CHW3MZ.
Command terms
The following terms are regularly used by IB and have specific meanings:
- Analyse: Break down an idea into its essential elements
- Compare: Identify and justify the similarities between ideas
- Contrast: Identify and justify the differences between ideas
- Discuss: Provide a balanced review with a range of justified opinions or conclusions
- Evaluate: Appraise an argument with strengths and limitations
- Examine: Consider an argument or concept, revealing its assumptions and interrelations
- To what extent: Consider the merits and demerits of an idea or argument with justified opinions or conclusions
Historiography
Historiography is the study of how history is developed and how historians have viewed history. It helps develop the ability to view events from multiple perspectives and reveals how others might view events in multiple perspectives.
Lenses
There are seven main schools of thought historians usually fall under that attempt to explain why history happens.
- The great people lens states that individually great people create changes — without those individuals history would be drastically altered. This school focuses on their individual motivations, relationships, etc.
- The structuralist lens states that changes in economic structures, technology, ideology, and social norms create history. This school focuses
- The decisionist lens states that the decisions of people change history.
- The Marxist lens states that class conflict creates history. This school focuses on the exploiter and the exploitee and how their conflicts create history.
- The Toynbee lens states that the response of people to crisis creates history.
- The post-modern lens states that history reflects the time period it was written in and the intent of the author. This school asserts that there is no historical truth and focuses on how history is shaped and manipulated to serve the agendas and needs of various civilisations.
- The social history lens states that history should reflect the experience of everyone equally. This school particularly focuses on the treatment of and lives of those often overlooked in historical accounts.
Data collection
The abundance of diverse data allows for greater perspectives to be gleaned and thus more solutions to a problem. Data and their sources can fall under one of three categories:
- Primary data is from an original source with no sources under it — e.g., newspapers, memoirs, photographs, diaries, etc.
- Secondary data is an interpretation of a primary source(s) with its own argument — e.g., articles, thesises, documentaries, etc.
- Tertiary data compiles secondary sources and should only be used for context — e.g., wikis, textbooks, encyclopedias, etc.