Update and rename Geography.md to Grade 9/Geography.md

Grade 9/Geography.md

@@ -139,8 +139,133 @@
 
 >> |Region|Location in Canada|Prominent Features|
 >> |:-----|:-----------------|:-----------------|
->> |**Western Cordillera**|- Yukon Territory<br>- Northwest Territories<br>- British Columbia|- Formed when the ```Pacific plate``` **subducted** under the ```North American plate```<br>- It was formed during the ```cenozoic``` and ```mesozoic``` eras, **30** to **100** million years ago<br>- Its very ```young```<br>- Higlhand|
->> |**Interior Plains**|- Northwest territories<br>- Saskatchewan<br>|
+>> |**Western Cordillera**|- Yukon Territory<br>- Northwest Territories<br>- British Columbia|- Formed when the ```Pacific plate``` **subducted** under the ```North American plate```<br>- It was formed during the ```cenozoic``` and ```mesozoic``` eras, **30** to **100** million years ago<br>- Its very ```young```<br>- ```Highland```|
+>> |**Interior Plains**|- Northwest territories<br>- Saskatchewan<br>- Alberta<br>- Manitoba<br>- Nunavut|**Lowland**|
+>> |**Innutian Mountains**|- Nunavut|- Formed in mesozoic era<br>- It was formed by the ```North American Plate```<br>- Its very ```young```, hence higher<br>- ```Lowland```|
+>> |**Canadian Shield**|- Northwest Territory<br>- Nunavut<br>- Saskatchewan<br>- Manitoba<br>- Ontario<br>- Quebec<br>- Labrador|in progress|
+>> |**Hudson Bay - Arctic Lowlands**|- Ontario<br>- Quebec|```Lowland```|
+>> |**Appalachins**|- New Brunswick<br>- Newfoundland<br>- Nova Scotia<br>- PEI|```Highland```|
+
+> ## Terms
+>> ```Climate```: The weather condition prevailing in an area in general or over a long period    
+>> ```Weather```: The state of the atmosphere at a place and time as regards ```heat, dryness, sunshine, wind, rain, etc```
+
+> ## LOWERN
+>> |Letter|Description|
+>> |:-----|:----------|
+>> |**L**atitude|- Where you are on a map<br>- If you are farther away from the equator, the less ```direct sunlight``` you receive, therefore it's ```colder``` in that region|
+>> |**O**cean Currents|- Ocean currents moving away from the equator is ```relatively warmer``` and currents moving towards the equator is ```relatively cooler```<br>- Winds moving across the current are either ```cooled or warmed```|
+>> |**W**inds and Air Masses|- Air mass is a ```large volume``` of air that takes on the ```climatic conditions``` of the area in which it forms<br>- They move depending on the ```weather patterns```|
+>> |**E**levation|- It's ```Colder``` the higher you are|
+>> |**R**elief|- Shape of the surface of the land<br>- Affects ```precipitation```<br>- The side facing the ```wind``` gets more ```rain and snow```<br>- The opposite gets the ```rain shadow```|
+>> |**N**ear Water|- ```Maritime``` climate<br>- Winters are ```mild```, summer never gets ```too hot```|
+
+> ## ```Continental``` v.s ```Climate```
+
+>> |Type of Climate|Description|Examples|
+>> |:--------------|:----------|:-------|
+>> |```Maritime```|- Small annual temperature range (cool to warm summers, cold to mildwinters) below ```25C``` range<br>- Annual ```percipitation``` is high - greater than ```1000mm```<br>- Develops in coastal locations near major water bodies (i.e. Atlantic or Pacific Oceans)|- Halifax<br>- Nova Scotia<br>- Vancouver<br>- British Columbia|
+>> |```Continental```|- Large annual temperature range (warm to hot summers, cold winters) greater than ```25C``` range<br>- Annual ```percipitation``` is low - below ```1000mm```<br>- Develops in area far from oceans and large lakes, in the interior of a continent/land mass|- Regina<br>- Saskatche-wan<br>- Winnipeg<br>- Manitoba|
+
+> ## Climate Change
+>> ### Causes
+>>  - Human activity
+>>  - Transportation
+>>  - Fossil Fuels
+>>  - Deforestation
+>>  - Appliances
+>>  - Garbage
+
+>> ### Impacts / Effects
+>>  - Animals
+>>    - Fishes
+>>    - Sea Urchins
+>>    - Starfish
+>>    - Bear
+>>    - African Wildlife
+>>    - Polar Bears
+>>  - Feedback Loops
+>>  - Natural Diasters
+>>  - Temperature Rise
+>>  - Destroy Ecosystems
+>>  - Kills People
+>>    - Heat Strokes
+>>    - Natural Diasters
+>>  - Fires
+>>  - Deforestation
+>>  - The  ```Amazon Rainforest``` is becoming extinct
+
+>> ### Solutions
+
+>>> |Solution #|Solution|    
+>>> |:---------|:-------|
+>>> |1.|Changing to ```LED``` lights|
+>>> |2.|Solar Power|
+>>> |3.|Turn theromo stats ```low```|
+>>> |4.|Turn off appliances|
+>>> |5.|Drive less or get a fuel efficient car|
+>>> |6.|Build Rigs to pump carbon ```deep``` inside the ```Earth```|
+>>> |7.|Eat ```local``` food|
+
+>>> #### Local Level
+>>>  - Carpool
+>>>  - Public transportation(bus, subway)
+>>>  - Eat locally produced food
+>>>  - Conserve Energy (programmable, thermostat, unplug, appliances, LED, light bulbs)
+>>>  - Electric car / Fuel efficient car
+>>>  - Using cloth bags / reusable when going to the grocery store
+>>>  - Compost
+>>>  - Walk, bike to work / school
+
+>>> #### National Level
+>>>  - Invest in green / renewable energies (```wind, solar, geothermal``` etc)
+>>>  - Ban plastic bags
+>>>  - Carbon tax
+>>>  - Cap and trade programs (companies trade ```GHG``` emissions credits)
+>>>  - Strict enviornmental laws regarding ```GHG``` emissions by industry
+
+>>> #### Global Level
+>>>  - Participate in ```UN climate change``` conferences
+>>>  - Countries promise to reduce ```GHG``` emissions (ex. ```UN Paris Climate Change Agreement```)
+
+> ## Greenhouse Gases
+>> ```Enhanced Greenhouse Effect```: Greenhouse gases created by human activity
+>> ### Main Greenhouse Gases
+>>  - Methane
+>>  - Carbon dioxide
+>>  - Water Vapour
+>>  - Nitrous Oxide
+
+> ## Soil
+
+>> ### Dry - climate(calcification) 
+>>  - ```Dry``` soil
+>>  - Nutrients ```rise up``` to the top layer
+>>  - ```Top soil is rich```
+
+>> ### Leeched
+>>  - ```Wet``` soil
+>>  - Nutrients get ```washed``` down and ```away```
+>>  - ```Poor quaility soil```
+
+> # Vegetation In Canada
+>> |Region|Description|
+>> |:-----|:----------|
+>> |```Tundra```|- Only a few ```very small``` trees grow here<br>- Small plants<br>- ```Harsh``` conditions|
+>> |```Boreal and Taiga Forest```|- One of the ```largest forest region``` in the world<br> Growing season gets longer farther ```South```<br>- ```Long``` and ```Cold``` winters<br>- Deciduous trees (```White birch, Poplar```)<br>- ```Poor quaility soil```|
+>> |```Grassland```|- Too ```dry``` for tree growth<br>- Some trees<br>- Natural grasses grow taller in wetter areas|
+>> |```Mixed Forest```|- Mainly ```Deciduous```<br>- A bit of ```Boreal``` in the ```Northern``` area<br>- Winters are ```cool``` and summers are ```warm```<br>- Soils are not as rich in the ```South```, but more ```fertile``` than the ```Boreal Forest```<br>- Much of the ```South Mixed Forest``` has been cleared for ```agriculture```|
+>> |```Deciduous Forest```|- Canada's ```Tiny Deciduous``` forest region<br>- ```Hot``` summers and relatively ```mild``` winters<br>- Cleared for farming<br>- Soils are ```fertile```|
+>> |```West Coast Forest```|- Large ```Coniferous species```<br>- So much ```Percipitation``` is called a ```temperate rainforest```|
+
+>> |Type of Tree|Charateristics|Examples|
+>> |:-----------|:-------------|:-------|
+>> |Deciduous|- The trees that ```drop their leaves``` during the winter to survive<br>- Found in ```tropical``` climates|- Oak<br>- Maple<br>- Hickory trees|
+>> |Coniferous|- The trees that ```do not drop their leaves``` during the winter<br>- Found in rather ```cooler``` climates|- Cedar<br>- Douglas-fir<br>- Fir|
+
+
+
+