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Update Unit_4_Physics_Study_Sheet.md

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Grade 9/Science/SNC1DZ/Unit_4_Physics_Study_Sheet.md
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- The negative charges go to the cloud and the postiive charges move to the top. - The negative charges go to the cloud and the postiive charges move to the top.
- When the charges reunite, lightning will strike. - When the charges reunite, lightning will strike.
<img src="http://www.physics-and-radio-electronics.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/lightningbetweenuppercloudandground.png" width="500">
## Dangers / Applications of Electrostatics ## Dangers / Applications of Electrostatics
- **Dangers**: - **Dangers**:
- Any sparks are small inginitions in places such as gas stations or oil refineries can cause fires and expolsions. - Any sparks are small inginitions in places such as gas stations or oil refineries can cause fires and expolsions.
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## Batteries ## Batteries
- `Electrochemical Cell`: A package of chemicals that converts `chemical energy into electrical energy`. - `Electrochemical Cell`: A package of chemicals that converts `chemical energy into electrical energy`.
- `Battery`: More than 1 cell. - `Battery`: More than 1 cell / two or more electric cells in combination.
- Types of cell: `dry` (paste, like a AA battery), `wet` (liquid, like a Car battery). - Types of cell: `dry` (paste, like a AA battery), `wet` (liquid, like a Car battery).
### Electrical Cells
- Device that converts chemical energy into electrical energy
- i.e. **portable devices (cameras, cellphones, flashlights)**
- Consists of:
- 2 electrodes in a conducting solution (electrolyte)
- **Electrodes** = conductors (1 easily postively charged and the other easily negatively charged)
- Electrons in the electrolyte are repelled by the negative electrode and attracted to the positive electrode
### 1. Wet Cell (Voltaic Cell) ### 1. Wet Cell (Voltaic Cell)
- <img src="https://files.catbox.moe/krm6sm.png" width="500"> - <img src="https://files.catbox.moe/krm6sm.png" width="500">
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### 3. Specialized Cells ### 3. Specialized Cells
- **Fuel cell** - **Fuel cell**
- Generates using external fuel, works like an engine without a moing part, requires continous source of fuel and oxygen. - Generates using external fuel, works like an engine without a moving part, requires continous source of fuel and oxygen.
- Operate far longer than a conventional electric cell
- Generates `non-polluting` exhaust. - Generates `non-polluting` exhaust.
- I.e Hyrdogen fuel cell: produces electrical energy by converting hyrdogen and oxygen into water
- **Uses**: - **Uses**:
- Primary and backup power for commerical industrial and residential buildings. - Primary and backup power for commerical industrial and residential buildings.
- Power fuel-cell vehicles. - Power fuel-cell vehicles.