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Update Unit 1: Chemistry Part 2.md

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Grade 10/Science/SNC2DZ/Unit 1: Chemistry Part 2.md
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# Chemistry # Chemistry
## Acids ## Acids
- All acids contain hydrogen ions
- Behave like molecular compounds while out of water
- Behave like ionic compounds while aqueous
- Hydrogen ions are released
- Conduct electricity
- Reacts with active metals depending on the activity series
- Corrosive (reacts with skin)
- Sour-tasting
### Naming Binary Acids ### Naming Binary Acids
- $`HCl_{(g)} \rightarrow`$ hydrogen chloride - $`HCl_{(g)} \rightarrow`$ hydrogen chloride
- $`HCl_{(aq)} \rightarrow`$ **hydro**fluoric **acid** - $`HCl_{(aq)} \rightarrow`$ **hydro**fluoric **acid**
- Need to put the **hydro** prefix as it tells us its disolved in water and is an acid - Need to put the **hydro** prefix as it tells us its disolved in water and is an acid
## Oxyacids
### Naming Oxyacids ### Naming Oxyacids
- `ite` ions make `ous` acides (suffix). $`HCLO_2 = `$ Chlor**ous** acid - `ite` ions make `ous` acides (suffix). $`HCLO_2 = `$ Chlor**ous** acid
- `ate` ions make `ic` acides (suffix). $`HCLO_3 = `$ Chlor**ic** acid - `ate` ions make `ic` acides (suffix). $`HCLO_3 = `$ Chlor**ic** acid
- Prefixes stay the same - Prefixes stay the same
## Bases
- All bases contain hydroxide or carbonate ions
- Behave like molecular compounds while out of water
- Behave like ionic compounds while aqueous
- Hydroxide ions are released
- Conduct electricity
- Reacts with fats and oils to form soap
- Bitter-tasting
## Chemical Change ## Chemical Change
- Similar to chemical reaction - Similar to chemical reaction
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## Representing Chemical Reactions ## Representing Chemical Reactions
- A Chemical equation! - A Chemical equation!
- Used to model what is happening during a chemical reaction. - Used to model what is happening during a chemical reaction.
- We use an arrow instead of an equal sign to show `beomces`, `reacts to form`, `produces` - We use an arrow instead of an equal sign to show `becomes`, `reacts to form`, `produces`
- On the **left** side, we always have the **`REACTANTS`**, (INPUT), these get used up in the chemical reaction - On the **left** side, we always have the **`REACTANTS`**, (INPUT), these get used up in the chemical reaction
- There can be plus signs to show multiple `reactants`. (Recipes, we are adding them together) - There can be plus signs to show multiple `reactants`. (Recipes, we are adding them together)
- On the **right** side, we have the **`PRODUCTS`** (OUTPUT). - On the **right** side, we have the **`PRODUCTS`** (OUTPUT).
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- Looks similar to double displacement - Looks similar to double displacement
- Always makes a salt and water - Always makes a salt and water
- Note: Scientific definition of salt is any soluble ionic compound - Note: Scientific definition of salt is any soluble ionic compound
- $`H(A) + B(OH) \rightarrow AB + H_{2}O`$ - If carbonic acid ($`H_{2}CO_{3}`$) would be formed it instantly splits into water and carbon dioxide
- This reaction occurs even if both products would be aqueous
- If this reaction occurs the product is written as water and carbon dioxide
- $`H(A) + B(OH) \rightarrow AB + H_{2}O`$ or $`H(A) + B(CO_{3}) \rightarrow AB + H_{2}O + CO_{2}`$
- e.g., $`HCl_{(aq)} + NaOH_{(aq)} \rightarrow NaCl_{(aq)} + H_{2}O`$ - e.g., $`HCl_{(aq)} + NaOH_{(aq)} \rightarrow NaCl_{(aq)} + H_{2}O`$