Give more detail on ERs, add information on lysosomes, mitochondria, cytoskeleton, and plant vs animal cell comparisons

Grade 10/Science/SNC2DZ/Unit 2: Biology.md

@@ -70,15 +70,37 @@ A person contains roughly 100 trillion cells
  - All organelles are suspended in cytosol
  - Cytoplasm is the cytosol along with everything in a cell, excluding the nucleus
 
-## Rough Endoplasmic reticulum
-The endoplasmic reticulum is a network of tubules and flattened sacs with a "rough" appearance because of the presence of ribosomes on the surface
+## Endoplasmic Reticulum
+- Network of tubules and flattened sacs
+- Transport proteins via cytoskeleton in vesicles
 
-### Function
-- Protein synthesis
-    - About half of the cell's proteins are made here, by the ribosomes
-- Protein movement
-    - Proteins are transported by vesicles throught the cell to other organelles, like the golgi apparatus
-- Protein "Proof-Reading"
-    - pre-existing proteins are center the rough-ER for modification
+### Rough ER
+- Appears "rough" due to the ribosomes attached to its outer surface
+- Located directly adjacent and attached to nucleus
+- Located next to Golgi apparatus
+- Ribosomes in rough ER synthesize proteins
+    - Only specific proteins are synthesized by ribosomes of rough ER
+    - Proteins synthesized in ribosomes of rough ER are always sent to either Golgi apparatus via vesicles or stay in rough ER
+    - Ribosomes attach to and leave the rough ER regularly
+    - About half the cell's proteins are produced here
+- Modify, fold, and fix proteins
 
+### Smooth ER
+- Does not synthesize proteins
+- Appears "smooth" due to lack of ribosomes
+- Located directly adjacent and attached to nucleus
+- Synthesizes lipids (fats, e.g., cholesterol)
+- Metabolises carbohydrates
 
+## Lysosome
+ - Spherical vesicle that contains enzymes
+ - Digests and kills foreign matter which is then excreted
+ - Digests and breaks down old and unused material to be recycled
+ - Digests and breaks down old or non-functional organelles as needed
+ - Only plays a very minor role in cell suicide (apoptosis)
+ - If lysosome does rupture (accidentally) everything dies
+
+## Mitochondrion
+ - **Plural is "mitochondria"**
+ - Contains an inner and outer membrane
+ - Processes glucose + oxygen gas to form carbon dioxide + adenosine triphosphate (ATP)