Update Unit 1: Chemistry.md

Grade 10/Science/SNC2DZ/Unit 1: Chemistry.md

@@ -101,15 +101,61 @@
 - eg. $`CaCo_3`$
     - $`Ca \rightarrow`$ Calcium ion $`Ca^{2+}`$ `(Cation)`
     - $`CO_3 \rightarrow`$ Carbonate ion $`CO_3^{2-}`$ `(Anion)`
-    - Calcium carbonate
+    - `Calcium carbonate`
 - The ones that are not multi-valent are:
-    - The first 20 elements
-    - alkali metals
-    - alkaline earth metals
-    - non-metals (the ones hugging the staircase are also non-metals (some of the metalloids))
-    - halogens
-    - noble gases
+    - The first `20` elements
+    - `alkali metals`
+    - `alkaline earth metals`
+    - non-metals (the ones hugging the staircase are also non-metals (some of the `metalloids`))
+    - `halogens`
+    - `noble gases`
 
 - Going down diagonally from aluminium, we get a pattern of 3+, 2+, 1+ of charge. Aluminium has a charge of 3+, Zinc has a charge of 2+, and silver has a charge of 1+, and they
 are all mono-valent. (not multi-valent)
 - If there is more than one polyatomic ion in a formula unit, then surround the ion with brackets
+- Oxyanion are negative ions with oxygen in them
+
+|Polyatomic Ion Name|Formula (Always Remember The Charge!)|
+|:------------------|:------------------------------------|
+|Ammonium|$`NH_4^+`$|
+|Acetate|$`CH_3COO^-`$|
+|Borate|$`BO_3^{3-}`$|
+|Chlorate|$`ClO_3^-`$|
+|Cyanide|$`CN^-`$|
+|Hydroxide|$`OH^-`$|
+|Nitrate|$`NO_3^-`$|
+|Permanganate|$`MnO_4^-`$|
+|Carbonate|$`CO_3^{2-}`$|
+|Chromate|$`CrO_4^{2-}`$|
+|Dichromate|$`Cr_2O_7^{2-}`$|
+|Sulfate|$`SO_4^{2-}`$|
+|Phosphate|$`PO_4^{3-}`$|
+
+## Deriving Ions From Parent
+
+|Polyatomic Ion Name|Operation|Chemical Formula|
+|:------------------|:--------|:-------|
+|**Per**chlor**ate**|(add one extra oxygen to the parent)|$`ClO_4^-`$|
+|Chlor**ate**|(**parent**)|**$`ClO_3^-`$**|
+|Chlor**ite**|(has one less oxygen than the parent)|$`ClO_2^-`$|
+|**Hypo**chlor**ite**|(has two less oxygens than the parent)|$`ClO^-`$|
+
+- Note that the charge remains the same
+- Polyatomic ions in the same group on the periodic table from similar polyatomic ions
+
+|**Chlorate**|$`ClO_3^-`$|
+|:-----------|:----------|
+|Bromate|$`BrO_3^-`$|
+
+## Acidic Oxyanions
+- Each hydrogen added to a polyatomic ion increases the charge by one, and c hanges the name:
+
+|Name|Chemical Formula|
+|:---|:---------------|
+|Hydrogen carbonate ion|$`HCO_3`$|
+|Dihydrogen phosphate ion|$`H2PO_4^-`$|
+|Monohydrogen phosphate ion|$`HPO_4^{2-}`$|
+
+
+
+