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Update Unit 1: Chemistry.md

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Grade 10/Science/SNC2DZ/Unit 1: Chemistry.md
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- Matter - has mass, takes up space. - Matter - has mass, takes up space.
- fundamental unit -> ATOMS - fundamental unit -> ATOMS
- One `formula unit` - repeating strucure in an ionic compound taht has the simplest ratio of ions in the compound - One `formula unit` - repeating strucure in an ionic compound taht has the simplest ratio of ions in the compound
- Ions are particles with charges
## Atoms ## Atoms
- Atoms are the smallest unit of an element that still retains its properties - Atoms are the smallest unit of an element that still retains its properties
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- Most metals are considered to be multi-metals - Most metals are considered to be multi-metals
- can form ions of differing charges - can form ions of differing charges
- add roman numerals to the ions name to indicate its charge, for example, iron($`III`$) oxide. - add roman numerals to the ions name to indicate its charge, for example, iron($`III`$) oxide.
## Non-Metals ## Non-Metals
- They are dull, bad conductors - insulators - They are dull, bad conductors - insulators
- Tend to gain electrons - Tend to gain electrons
@ -93,3 +95,21 @@
|$`K_3P`$|Potassium phosphide| |$`K_3P`$|Potassium phosphide|
|$`Mg_3P_2`$|Magnesium phosphide| |$`Mg_3P_2`$|Magnesium phosphide|
## Polyatomic Ions
- Ions that are made of $`\ge 2`$ atoms.
- Molecules with a charge
- eg. $`CaCo_3`$
- $`Ca \rightarrow`$ Calcium ion $`Ca^{2+}`$ `(Cation)`
- $`CO_3 \rightarrow`$ Carbonate ion $`CO_3^{2-}`$ `(Anion)`
- Calcium carbonate
- The ones that are not multi-valent are:
- The first 20 elements
- alkali metals
- alkaline earth metals
- non-metals (the ones hugging the staircase are also non-metals (some of the metalloids))
- halogens
- noble gases
- Going down diagonally from aluminium, we get a pattern of 3+, 2+, 1+ of charge. Aluminium has a charge of 3+, Zinc has a charge of 2+, and silver has a charge of 1+, and they
are all mono-valent. (not multi-valent)
- If there is more than one polyatomic ion in a formula unit, then surround the ion with brackets