mirror of
https://gitlab.com/magicalsoup/Highschool.git
synced 2025-01-24 00:21:45 -05:00
110 lines
4.6 KiB
Markdown
110 lines
4.6 KiB
Markdown
# Unit 1
|
|
|
|
# Unit 2
|
|
|
|
# Chemistry Vocabulary List
|
|
|
|
<table class="table" style="max-width=80%">
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th>Word</th>
|
|
<th>Definition (or diagram/translation)</th>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td>Particle Theory of Matter</td>
|
|
<td>Theory that describes the composition and behaviour of matter</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td>Matter</td>
|
|
<td>Physical substance that occupies space & matter</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td>Mechanical Mixture</td>
|
|
<td>A mixture in which you can distinguish between different types of matter</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
|
|
# Physical Properties
|
|
- A characeristic of a substance that can be determined without changing the composition ("make-up") of that substance
|
|
- Characteristics can be determinded using your 5 senses and measuring instruments
|
|
- smell, taste, touch, hearing, sight
|
|
- scales, tape, measuring meter
|
|
|
|
# Qualitative and Quantitative Properties
|
|
|
|
> |Type|Definition|Example|
|
|
> |:---|:---------|:------|
|
|
> |Quantitative Property|A property that IS measured and has **```a numerical value```** |Ex. **```Temperature, height, mass, density```**|
|
|
> |Qualitative Property|A property that is NOT measured and has **```no numerical value```**|Ex. **```Colour, odor, texture```**|
|
|
|
|
> ## Quantitative physical Properties
|
|
> - **```Density```**: amount of ```stuff``` (or mass) per unit volume (g/cm<sup>3</sup>)
|
|
> - **```Freezing Point```**: point where water solidifies (0<sup>o</sup>C)
|
|
> - **```Melting Point```**: point where water liquefies (0<sup>o</sup>C)
|
|
> - **```Boiling Point```**: point where liquid phase becomes gaseous (100<sup>o</sup>C)
|
|
|
|
>> ## Common Qualitative Physical Properties
|
|
|
|
>> |Type|Definition|Example|
|
|
>> |:---|:---------|:------|
|
|
>> |Lustre|Shininess of dullness<br> Referred to as high or low lustre depending on the shininess||
|
|
>> |Clarity|The ability to allow light through|```Transparent``` (Glass) <br>```Translucent``` (Frosted Glass) <br>```Opaque``` (Brick)|
|
|
>> |Brittleness|Breakability or flexibility<br> Glass would be considered as brittle whereas slime/clay are flexible|
|
|
>> |Viscosity|The ability of a liquid or gas to resist flow or not pour readily through<br> Refer to as more or less viscous|Molasses is more viscous, water is less (gases tend to get"thicker as heated; liquids get runnier)|
|
|
>> |Hardness|The relative ability to scratch or be scratched by another substance<br> Referred to as high or low level of hardness| Can use a scale (1 is wax, 10 is diamond)|
|
|
>> |Malleability|the ability of a substance ```to be hammered``` into a thinner sheet or molded|Silver is malleable<br> Play dough/pizza dough is less<br> glass is not malleable|
|
|
>> |Ductility|the ability of a substance to be pulled into a finer strand|Pieces of copper can be drawn into thin wires, ductile|
|
|
>> |Electrical Conductivity|The ability of a substance to allow electric current to pass through it<br> Refer to as high and low conductivity|Copper wires have high conductivity<br> Plastic has no conductivity|
|
|
>> |Form: Crystalline Solid|Have their particles arranged in an orderly geometric pattern|Salt and Diamonods|
|
|
>> |Form: Amorphous Solid|Have their particles randomly distributed without any long-range-pattern|Plastic, Glass, Charcoal|
|
|
|
|
# Chemical Property
|
|
|
|
> A characteristic (property) of a substance that describes its ability to undergo ```changes to its composition to produce one of more new substances. AKA BEHAVIOUR. Everything has one!```
|
|
> ```Cannot be determined by physical properties```
|
|
|
|
> E.g. ability of nails /cars to rust
|
|
> Firewors are explosive
|
|
|
|
> Denim is resistant to soap, but is combustible
|
|
|
|
> Baking soda reacts with vinegar and cake ingredients to rise
|
|
|
|
> Bacterial cultures convert milk to cheese, grapes to wine, cocoa to chocolate
|
|
|
|
> CLR used to clean kettles, showerheads because it breaks down minerals
|
|
|
|
> Silver cleaner for tarnished jewellery, dishes because silver reacts with air to turn black
|
|
|
|
|
|
# Elements
|
|
|
|
- At the present time ```118``` elements are known.
|
|
- These elements vary widely in their abundance
|
|
- For example, only five elements account for over 90% of the Earth's crust: oxygen, silicon, aluminum, iron and calcium.
|
|
|
|
|
|
# Naming
|
|
1. Write cation (metal) first
|
|
2. Write anion (non-metal) second
|
|
3. Change the ending of the non-metal to ```ide```.
|
|
|
|
# Decomposition
|
|
- A chemical change used t o break compounds down into simpler substances
|
|
- Energy must be ADDED
|
|
- Using electricity
|
|
- Adding thermal energy
|
|
|
|
# Catalyst
|
|
- Substance that SPEEDS UP a chemical change without being consumed OR changed itself
|
|
|
|
# Use Of Hydrogen Peroxide
|
|
- On cuts/scraps
|
|
- Blood has a catalyst = see bubbling O<sub>2</sub>
|
|
- Cleans contact lenses
|
|
- Bubbling removes dirt
|
|
- Bleaches
|
|
- React with compounds that provide color
|
|
- RESULT = no colour (bleach blond hair/teeth)
|
|
|
|
|