3.7 KiB
Unit 4: Physics
Alexander Wang Ms.Keras SNC1DZ-01 2019-05-08
SCIENCE — ELECTRICITY UNIT * Electricity Word List * Static Electricity — an imbalance of electric charge on the surface of an object * Electron — a negatively charged particle in an atom * Proton — a positively charged particle in the atom’s nucleus * Electric charge — a form of charge, either positive or negative, that exerts an electric force * Neutral charge — an object that has equal numbers of protons and electrons * Negatively charged object — an object that has more electrons than protons * Positively charged object — an object that has fewer electrons than protons * Electric force — the force exerted by an object with an electric charge; can be a force of attraction or a force of repulsion * Induced charge separation — a shift in the position of electrons in a neutral object that occurs when a charged object is brought near it * Charging by friction — the transfer of electrons between two neutral objects (made from different materials) that occurs when they are rubbed together or come in contact (touch) * Electrostatic series — a list of materials arranged in order of their tendency to gain electrons * Charging by conduction — charging an object by contact with a charged object * Grounding — connecting an object to a large body, like Earth, that is capable of effectively removing an electric charge that the object might have * Conductor — a material that lets electrons move easily through it * Insulator — a material that does not easily allow the movement of electrons through it * Charging by induction — charging a neutral object by bringing another charged object close to, but not touching, the neutral object * Electric discharge — the rapid transfer of electric charge from one object to another * Lightning — a bolt of electricity from sky :D * Current electricity — the controlled flow of electrons through a conductor * Electric circuit — a continuous path in which electrons can flow * Switch — a device in an electric circuit that controls the flow of electrons by opening (or closing) the circuit * Load — the part of an electric circuit that converts electrical energy into other forms of energy * Electrical energy — the energy provided by the flow of electrons in an electric circuit * Electric cell — a device that converts chemical energy into electrical energy * Fuel cell — ? * Direct current (DC) — a flow of electrons in one direction through an electric circuit * Alternating current (AC) — a flow of electrons that alternates in direction in an electric circuit * Electrical power — the rate at which electrical energy is produced or used * Kilowatt - Hour — the SI unit for measuring electrical energy usage; the use of one kilowatt of power for one hour * Efficiency — comparison of the energy output of a device with the energy supplied * Circuit — a way of drawing an electric circuit using standard symbols * Series circuit — a circuit in which the loads are connected end to end so that there is only one path for the electrons to flow * Parallel circuit — a circuit in which the loads are connected in branches so that there are two or more paths for electrons to flow * Potential difference (voltage) — the difference in electrical potential energy per unit charge measured at two different points; measured in volts * Voltmeter — a device used to measure potential difference (voltage) * Electrical resistance — the ability of a material to oppose the flow of electric current; measured in ohms * Ohmmeter — a device used to measure resistance * Resistor — a device that reduces the flow of electric current * Ohm’s law — the straight line relationship between voltage and current; R = V/I