highschool/Grade 9/French/FSF1DZ/Notes.md

# French Study Sheet

# Vocabulary
 |Word In French|Meaning|
 |:-------------|:------|
 |Sentiments|Feeling|
 |Faiblesses|Challenges/weaknesses|
 |Envers|Towards|
 |Presque|Nearly|
 |Suivant|Following|
 |Croyanes|Beliefs|
 |Debutant|Beginner|
 |Remue-meniges|Brain-storming|
 |Traduction|Translation|
 |concurrentielle|Competitive|
 |J'espere|I Hope|

# Revision de petits mots

 |  |masculin|feminin|masc. pluriel|fem. pluriel|
 |:-|:-------|:------|:------------|:-----------|
 |a |un|une|des|des|
 |the|le|la|les|les
 |some|du|de la|des|des|
 |which|quel|quelle|quels|quelles|
 |my|mon|ma|mes|mes|
 |your (sing.)|ton|ta|tes|tes|
 |his/her|son|sa|ses|ses|
 |our|notre|notre|nos|nos
 |your (plur.)|votre|votre|vos|vos|
 |their|leur|leur|leurs|leurs|

## Regle
---------------
 - ### Eg. 1 
   - A girl = une fille --> use ```une``` because ```fille``` is ```feminine```, ```singular```
   - Some milk = du lait --> use ```du``` because ```lait``` is ```masculine```, ```singular```
   - His dogs = ses chiens --> use ```ses``` because ```chiens``` is ```masculine```, ```plural```
 - ### Eg. 2
   - Both Tomy and Betty have a sister. When referring to their sisters, they will both say **```ma soeur```** because ```sister``` is a **```feminine, singular```** word. Furthermore, if they are referring to their fathers. they will both say **```mon père```** because ```father``` is a **``` masculine, singular```** word.
  - **Point:** Their gender doesn't matter! It's the gender and number of the thing(noun) we're referring to that determines what little word you use

# Le Present
 
## Les verbes reguliers

 |  |Parler|Finir|Repondre|
 |:-|:-----|:----|:-------|
 |Je|Parle|Finis|Réponds|
 |Tu|Parles|Finis|Réponds|
 |Il/elle/on|Parle|Finit|Répond|
 |Nous|Parlons|Finissons|Répondons|
 |Vous|Parlez|Finissez|Répondez|
 |Ils/elles|Parlent|Finissent|Répondent|

## Les verbes irreguliers

 |  |Être (To be)|Avoir (To have)|Aller (To go)|Faire (To make)|
 |:-|:---|:----|:----|:----|
 |Je|Suis|Ai|Vais|Fais|
 |Tu|Es|As|Vas|Fais|
 |Il/elle/on|Est|A|Va|Fait|
 |Nous|Sommes|Avons|Allons|Faisons|
 |Vous|Êtes|Avez|Allez|Faites|
 |Ils/elles|Sont|Ont|Vont|Font|

 |  |Vouloir (To want)|Pouvoir (To can)|Venir (To come)|Devoir (To need)|
 |:-|:---|:----|:----|:----|
 |Je|veux|peux|viens|dois|
 |Tu|veux|peux|viens|dois|
 |Il/elle/on|veut|peut|vient|doit|
 |Nous|voulons|pouvons|vienons|devions|
 |Vous|voulez|pouvez|vienez|devez|
 |Ils/elles|voulent|pouvent|viennent|doivent|

 |  |Sortir (To leave)|Ecrire (To write)|Lire (To read)|Voir (To see)|
 |:-|:-----|:-----|:---|:---|
 |Je|sors|écris|lis|vois|
 |Tu|sors|écris|lis|vois|
 |Il/elle/on|sort|écrit|lit|voit|
 |Nous|sortons|écrivons|lisons|voyons|
 |Vous|sortez|écrivez|lisez|voyez|
 |Ils/elles|sortent|écrivent|lisent|voient|

 |  |Mettre (To put)|Prendre (To take)|Boire (To drink)|Acheter (To buy)|
 |:-|:-----|:------|:----|:------|
 |Je|mets|prends|bois|achète|
 |Tu|mets|prends|bois|achètes|
 |Il/elle/on|met|prend|boit|achète|
 |Nous|mettons|prenons|buvons|achetons|
 |Vous|mettez|prenez|buvez|achetez|
 |Ils/elles|mettent|prennent|boivent|achètent|

- On --> One, we, you in general
- Tu --> Peers, people younger than you, your parents
- Vous --> You (plural), older than you, don't know well, formal or respectitive

 |Pronoun|Persepective|English|
 |:------|:-----------|:------|
 |Je|Moi|Me|
 |Tu|Toi|You|
 |Il|Lui|Him|
 |Elle|Elle|Her|
 |On|Sui|Oneself|
 |Nous|Nous|Us|
 |Vous|Vous|You|
 |Ils|eux|Them|
 |Elles|Elles|Them|

# Accents
 ## accent aigu ```é```
   - The same sound as ```er```
   - parl```er``` has the same sound as parl```é```
 ## accent grave ```è```
   - used to differentiate words
   - E.g ```à``` and ```a```
 ## accent circonflexe ```ê```
   - indicates that there was an ```s``` before
   - French derived from latin
   - Conosant sounds
   - ```L'hôpital``` --> ```L'hospital```
 ## accent cedille ```ç```
   - tells us to pronounce it as a ```s```
   - fran```çais``` --> pronounce as fran```sais```
   - **```Don't put```** if its preceeding an **```a, o, u```**
 ## accent trema ```ï```
   - isolating the sound
   - ha```ï```ti --> pronounce the ```i``` clearly

# Les expressions avec Avoir

 |French|Meanning|
 |:-----|:-------|
 |Avoir soif|To be thirsty|
 |Avoir froid|To be cold|
 |Avoir chaud|To be hot|
 |Avoir faim|To be hungry|
 |Avoir de la change|To be lucky|
 |Avoir...ans|To be old|
 |Avoir mal à...|To have pain in...|
 |Avoir envie de...|To be jealous...|
 |Avoir tort|To be wrong|
 |Avoir raison|To be reasonable|
 |Avoir honte de...|To be ashamed of...|
 |Avoir l'air de...|To seem like...|
 |Avoir sommeil|To be sleepy|
 |Avoir peur de...|To be scared of...|
 |Avoir l'habitude de...|To have the habit of...|
 |Avoir du mal à|To be bad at|
 |Avoir lieu|To take place|
 |Avoir le droit de...|To have the right to...|
 |Avoir le mal de mer|To be sea sick|

# Verbe
 - Je parle has different meanings
 1. I talk
 2. I am talking
 3. I do talk
** Never translate word for word from English!**

# Passe Compose
- Past - tense in french
- Je parle --> Je parlé
> I talk --> I talked
- Most verbes are conjugated with ```avoir```, with ```14``` excepetions that conjugate with ```etre```
## Conjugation

|Verb Type|Rule|
|:---------|:---|
|Verbes that end with ```ER```|Cut the ```er``` ending and change it to ```é```|
|Verbes that end with ```IR```|Cut the ```ir``` ending and change it to ```i```|
|Some Verbes that end with ```RE```|Cut the ```re``` ending and change it to ```u```|


### Etre

|Verb in Infinitive|Conjugation|
|:-----------------|:----------|

# Imparfait

## Vocabularie
|Evenements specifiques|English|
|:---------------------|:------|
|un soir|one evening|
|mardi|Tuesday|
|un mardi|one Tuesday|
|un jour|one day|
|le 4 mai|on May 4|
|une fois|once|
|deux fois|twice|
|plusieurs fois|several times|

|Evenements habituels|English|
|:---------------------|:------|
|les soir|in the evening|
|tous les soirs|every evening|
|le mardi|on Tuesdays|
|tous les mardis|every Tuesday|
|chaque jour|every day|
|tous le jours|every day|
|d'habitude|usually|
|habituellement|usually|
|autrefois|in the past|
|parfois|sometimes|

letters : è, é ê É Ê À, à Ô ô Ç or ç ï