- Barrier to communication: `something that prevents the receiver to understand the message`
- Possible Barriers
- Physical, hearing impaired
- Language
- Noise
- Distance, proximity
- Medium
- Intereptions
- Active Listening Active engagement, shows that you are listening, gives alot of feedback
## Stress Management
- **Stress**: The `imbalance` between demands and `resources`. When `pressure` exceeds one's perceived ability to `cope`.
- Stress Management Skills: help to balance yourself so that the level of stress is at a manageable level
- Possible Stressors
- School
- Relationships
- Job/responsibilities
- Everything, enviornment
- **Peer pressure:** `expectations` of yourself and others that you don't feel that you can keep up with them
- Do well in school, drugs etc
- **Eustress**: `positive, productive` stresss to help you get things done. `Motivates` you to do better
- Wedding day, excitied, ready to go to colleges, anxiety, scary book/movie
- Indentify your stressors!
- Avoid the stressors
- Alter the stressors
- Accept the stressors
- Adapt the stressors
## Organization
- State of being `structured` and `arranged` in an orderly way
- Advantages of Organization
- reduces stress/workload
- increases efficiency
- maintains order and convenience
- Effective organizational skills are
- learned, practiced, and updated constantly (ex: learning to prioritize urgency vs importance in order to better manage time)
## Negotiation
- Negotiation is a `discussion` that is aimed at reaching a `argreement`
- Sometimes negotiation requires a third party called a `mediator`
- **Mediator**: a `neutral` third party
- The mediator will try to help the two parties settle an agreement. The mediataor must `educate` themselves about both parties and what they are trying to achieve and what they will settle for in order to help them come to a `resolution`
- Possible outcomes
- One team wins, both team wins, one team loses
## Teamwork
- Ability to work, `cooperate`, and get `along` with other people in order to attain a common `goal`
# Workplace Hazards
- **Hazard**: Something that does harm to you or makes you ill
- Purpose of The Employment Standarads Act 2000 (ESA)
- Sets out the **rights & responsiblities** of both employers & employers in ontario workplaces
- Employment Standards Act 2000
- An act that provides the minimum standards for most employers working in ontario
- A 30 min break must be offered per 5 hours of work
- When young workers are called in to work, and they work more than 3hrs/day normally, they will get paid the 3hrs, even if they didn't do the work for 3hrs because they are called in
- Young workers are eligible for overtime if they work over 44hrs a week, which they get 1.5 their normal pay
- Young workers are entitled to be paid for public holidays
- When an employee works on a public holiday, they either get 1.5x their pay or alternative day off
- Young workers who are part-time employess **are** covered by the ESA
- The ESA covers young workers, the have the same rights as other employees in ontario workplaces under the ESA (certain jobs can be exempted)
- An employee cannot deduct the cost of a uniform or other items from an employees pay, unless agreed in written form
- An employee cannot withhold, make dudction from or require an employee to turn over their tips and other gratuties unless following a court order or there is a tip pool arrangement
- To see if getting paid correctly, keep a record of hours worked
- Young workers are only entitled to vacation pay after 12 months of employment
- Young workers working in retial are allowed to refuse to work on public holidays or sundays, unless agreed upon at time of hire, basicalyl having the option to work
- Depends on certain services (eg. restaurants), will be informed upon hiring
- Employers have to tell young workers in advance if they are going to end their employement
- Young workers can file through ministry of labour to get money owed by the employer
- Call the ESA for more info
- Workers that are not covered by the *Employment Standards Act*: `bank tellers`
- General hourly **minimum wage**: `$14`
- 3 exceptions
1. Firefighters
2. Actors
3. Student ($13.5)
- 3 Basic Rights
1. Right to refuse unsafe work.
2. Right to participate in the workplace health and safety activities through the Health and Safety Committee (HSC) or as a worker health and safety representative.
3. Right to know, or the right to be informed about, actual and potential dangers in the workplace.
## Minimum Age
|Job|Minimum Age|
|:--|:----------|
|Factory Worker|15|
|Window Cleaner|18|
|Underground Miner|18|
|Construction Worker|16|
|Logger|16|
## Jobs That Work During Holidays
1. Hotel motels, tourist resorts
2. restaurants, and tavers
3. hosipital and nursing homes
4. continuous operations
- They should be payed a `public holiday pay` + `premium pay` for each hours worked
