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Update Unit 2: Biology.md

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Grade 10/Science/SNC2DZ/Unit 2: Biology.md
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@ -232,4 +232,17 @@ A person contains roughly 100 trillion cells
### Stem Cells
- They are an **unspecialized** cell that has the potential to become one of several types of cells.
- Can either divide to two stem cells or one stem cell and one specialised cell
- Specialised cells generally do not divide
- Specialised cells generally do not divide
| Type of Stem Cell | Obtaining | Potential | Pros | Cons |
| :--- | :--- | :--- |:--- | :--- |
| Totipotent | Morula (16-cell ball) 3-4 days after lab-fertilised zygote | Unlimited | Unlimited potential, does not initiate immune response | Ethical concerns of destroying fertilized embryos |
| Pluripotent | Blastocyst (200-300 cell ball) 4-7 days after fertilisation | Nearly unlimited | Nearly unlimited potential, no need to create new embryo as most are taken from discarded in vitro fertilisation | Ethical concerns of destroying embryos, greater chance of initiating immune response |
| Multipotent | Adult stem cells | Limited to cells of their group/organ/location (e.g., blood stem cells to red blood cells, white blood cells, etc.) | Easy to harvest, easy to find | Immune response, limited potential |
| Induced pluripotent | Multipotent stem cells | Reprogramming multipotent stem cells using embryonic genes using a virus | Same as pluripotent | Does not require new embryos, immune response not expected, high potential | Technology not there yet to make this possible |
### Potential uses of stem cells
- Studying cell growth and function
- Testing drugs on specific target cells
- Lab-grown meat for vegetarian purposes
- Regenerative medicine to replace tissues (e.g., blindness, bone marrow transplant, cancers, limb regrowth)