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Grade 9/Music.md
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Grade 9/Music.md
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# Music Review Sheet!
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# Intervals
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> ## How to determine an interval
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> 1. Size matters
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> - Count the number of ```lines``` and ```spaces``` between and including the ones that the 2 pitches are on (+2)
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> - Do not count them as the enharmonic equivalent, a ```C flat``` is a ```C flat```, **```NOT```** a ```B```
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> 2. Construct Table
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> - |Size|Number of Semitones|
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> |:---|:------------------|
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> |P 1|0|
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> |M 2|2|
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> |M 3|4|
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> |P 4|5|
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> |P 5|7|
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> |M 6|9|
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> |M 7|11|
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> |P 8|12|
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> - **Remember**: **```P, M, M, P, P, M, M, P```**
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> - **Remember**: **```0, 2, 4, 5, 7, 9, 11, 12```**
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> 3. Construct Keyboard
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> - Tone, Tone Semitone, Tone, Tone, Tone semitone
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> - Chop sticks
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> - Foot ball posts
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> <img src="https://www.yamaha-keyboard-guide.com/images/xpiano_keyboard_notes.png.pagespeed.ic.Sfn4I4O8_z.png" width = "500">
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> 4. Put 2 pitches on the correct notes on the key board
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> - put the pitches correct / corresponding to the key
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> 5. Count the number of semitones
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> - Counting from one semitone to the other counts as **```ONE```** semitone
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> - Example: ```C``` to ```C#``` is **```ONE```** semitone
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> 6. Find Quailty and Quantity of Interval
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> - Look to your table and see what is interval matching the correct number of semitones and size
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> - Example: An interval with the ```size of 5``` and ```7 semitones``` is a ```Perfect 5th```
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> ## How to construct an interval
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> 1. First count the size of the interval to find the note
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> 2. Then count the correct number of semitones from the base note to find the pitch of the note
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> - Example:
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> - G is the base note, constuct a major 2
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> - Count for 2 notes, you get A
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> - Count 2 semitones from G
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> - G -> G# (1 semitone), G# -> A (2 semitones)
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> - A is the correct answer
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# Rhythms
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> Go to this [link](https://classroom.google.com/u/0/c/MTc1NTQxOTY2MjBa) for more information and practice
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> Remember:
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> The Grand Staff
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> Lines are counter from the ```bottom``` to ```top```
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> ## Treble Clef
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> - F A C E
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> - <img src="https://cdn.instructables.com/F1F/8I2X/F3435SZ5/F1F8I2XF3435SZ5.LARGE.gif" width="300">
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> - E G B D F
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> - <img src="https://larawaymusic.files.wordpress.com/2015/09/egbdf.jpg" width="400">
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> ## Bass Clef
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> - G B D F A
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> - <img src="https://cdn.instructables.com/F3W/0LNL/F3435SZ2/F3W0LNLF3435SZ2.LARGE.gif" width="400">
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> - A C E G
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> - <img src="https://www.ultramusician.com/files/tutorials/notation/reading_bass_clef/ledger/aceg_mid.jpg" width="300">
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> - The ```G Clef``` is The ```Treble Clef```
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> - The ```F Clef``` is the ```Bass Clef```
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> ## Ledger Lines
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> - Only there to suppor the note
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> - Do not write it above the note
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> - Is to extend outside of the ```grand staff```
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> ## Notes
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>> <img src="https://o.quizlet.com/EqNG6.7ybsL5WXB8Rx4osQ.jpg" width="500">
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>> <img src="http://openmusictheory.com/Graphics/noteillustration.png" width="500">
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> ## Measure, Bar Line and Double Bar Line
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> - Music is divided into equal parts by BAR LINES
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> - The area between two barlines are called a MEASURE or a BAR
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> - A DOUBLE BAR LINE is written at the end of a piece of music
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> - Its made up of one thin and one thick line
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> - The thick line is always on the outside
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> - On a grand Staff, the double bar line passes through the entire staff
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> - When dividing barlines, be sure to divided evenly
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# Unit 3
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> ## Time Signature and Note Values
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> - The UPPER number tells how many ```beats (or counts)``` are in each measure.
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> - The LOWER number indicates what type of note receives 1 beat
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> ## Whole Half and Quater Rests
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> - **Remember**: ```B```at, ```H```at, ```S```quigly
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> - **Remember**: If an entire bar/measure is rest, then mark it with a **```WHOLE```** rest, doesn't matter what time signature it is
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> - <img src="http://i669.photobucket.com/albums/vv55/Neevitz/Theory%20-%20Rest%20Duration/Screenshot2011-02-23at22223PM.png" width="500">
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> ## Ties and Slurs
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> - Tie joins two notes of the ```same``` pitch
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> - The tied note's value is added to the value of the first note
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> - The tie should always be written on the opposite side from the note stems
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# Unit 4
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> ## Repeat Signs and Second Endings
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> - Two dots placed before the double bar indicates a ```repeat sign```
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> it means to go back to the beginning
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> ## First and Second endings
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> -It means after repeating from the end of the first ending, skip the first ending and go the second ending
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> ## Eigth Notes
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> - When you add a flag to the stem of a quarter note, it becomes EIGHTH NOTE
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> - They are 1/2 of a quarter note
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> - An even number of eight notes can be grouped together with something called a ```beam```
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> ## Eigth Rest
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> - Its equal to half the value of a quarter rest
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> Dotted notes
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> - a Dot represents a value of half of its original beat
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> - Example: A dotted quarted note is 1.5 beats
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# Unit 5
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> ## Dyanmic Signs
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>> |Italian|Sign|English|
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>> |:------|:---|:------|
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>> |Piano|<img src="https://www.buzzle.com/images/music-symbols/dynamics/dynamic-piano.jpg" width="150">|soft|
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>> |Forte|<img src="https://image.freepik.com/free-icon/musical-symbol-of-letter-f_318-43242.jpg" width="75">|loud|
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>> |Mezzo Piano|<img src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Music_dynamic_mezzo_piano.svg/2000px-Music_dynamic_mezzo_piano.svg.png" width="100">|moderately soft|
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>> |Mezzo Forte|<img src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Music_dynamic_mezzo_forte.svg/2000px-Music_dynamic_mezzo_forte.svg.png" width="100">|moderately loud|
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>> |Pianissimo|<img src="https://code.sealedabstract.com/uploads/-/system/project/avatar/60/piannisimo.png" width="100">|very soft|
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>> |Fortissimo|<img src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Music_dynamic_fortissimo.svg/2000px-Music_dynamic_fortissimo.svg.png" width="100">|very loud|
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>> |Italian|Sign|English|
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>> |:------|:---|:------|
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>> |crescendo or cresc|<img src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Crescendo-2.svg/2000px-Crescendo-2.svg.png" width="100">|gradually louder
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>> |diminuendo or dim. or decrescendo or decresc|<img src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Diminuendo-2.svg/2000px-Diminuendo-2.svg.png" width="100">|gradually softer|
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> ## Tempo Marks
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>> |Italian|English|
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>> |:------|:------|
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>> |Largo|Very slow|
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>> |Adagio|Slow|
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>> |Andante|Moving along (walking speed)|
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>> |Moderato|Moderately|
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>> |Allegro|Quickly, cheerfully|
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>> |Vivace|Lively and Fast|
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>> |Italian|Term|English|
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>> |ritardando|ritard. or rit.|gradually slower|
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>> |accerlerando|accel|gradually faster|
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> ## Articulation
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>> |Italian|Symbol|English|
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>> |:------|:-----|:------|
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>> |staccato|<img src="http://o.quizlet.com/yBxDSmVGBcWx5yneW-8UhA_m.png" width="100">|play the note ```short and detached```. The italian word means "detached".
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>> |accent|<img src="https://www.musicnotes.com/now/wp-content/uploads/Quiz-Accent.png" width="200">|Play the note louder, with a special emphasis|
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>> |sforzando|<img src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Music_expression_sforzando_sfz.svg/2000px-Music_expression_sforzando_sfz.svg.png" width="100">|A sudden, strong accent. The italian word mean "forcing".|
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>> |tenuto|<img src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/75/Tenuto.jpg" width="200">|Hold the note for its full value. The italian word means "held".|
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>> |fermata|<img src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Music-fermata.svg/2000px-Music-fermata.svg.png" width="100">|Hold the note longer than its normal value (approximately twice the normal duration)|
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# Unit 6
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> ## Flats
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> - One semitone lower than the current note
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> - Remember, C flat is not the same thing as B
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> ## Sharps
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> - One semitone higher than the current note
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> - Remember, E sharp is not the same thing as F
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> ## Naturals
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> - If the note was a sharp or a flat, cancel it out
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> - C# --> C, Db --> D
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# History
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