mirror of
https://gitlab.com/magicalsoup/Highschool.git
synced 2025-01-24 00:21:45 -05:00
1.6 KiB
1.6 KiB
Unit 1: Chemistry
- Matter - has mass, takes up space.
- fundamental unit -> ATOMS
Atoms
- Atoms are the smallest unit of an element that still retains its properties
- Atoms are made of subatomic particles
- Relative Charge: compared to something.
- AMU = atomic mass units
- models allow people to make accurate preictions about the behaviour of matter
- atmoic notation \(`_{19}K`\)
- an isotope is an atom (or atoms) of an element with a unique # of neutrons
| Name | Symbol | Relative mass (amu) | Location | Relative Charge |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Protons | \(`p^+`\) | \(`1`\) | nucleus | \(`+1`\) |
| Neutrons | \(`n^0`\) | \(`1`\) | nucleus | \(`0`\) |
| Electrons | \(`e^-`\) | \(`~\dfrac{1}{2000}`\) | in orbit around nucleus (shell, energy level) | \(`-1`\) |
IUPAC
| Letter | Definition |
|---|---|
| I | International |
| U | Union |
| P | Pure and |
| A | Applied |
| C | Chemistry |
- Involved in studying, varifying information (eg the periodic table -> Describes the elements -> pure susbtances made of only one kind of atom),and publishing.
Trends on the Periodic Table
- Same energy level in each period
- Same number of valence electrons in each group
- Across a row/period \(`\rightarrow`\) more \(`p^+`\) in nucleus \(`\rightarrow`\) greater attraction to \(`e^-`\)
- s
Metals
- They tend to lose electrons
- They are shiny, ductile, malleable, conductive
- They have a weak/loose hold on electrons
Non-Metals
- They are dull, bad conductors - insulators
- Tend to gain electrons
- The have a strong hold on electrons