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# Unit 2
# Chemistry Vocabulary List
## Chemistry Vocabulary List
<table class="table" style="max-width=80%">
<tr>
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</tr>
</table>
# Physical Properties
## Physical Properties
- A characeristic of a substance that can be determined without changing the composition ("make-up") of that substance
- Characteristics can be determinded using your 5 senses and measuring instruments
- smell, taste, touch, hearing, sight
- scales, tape, measuring meter
# Qualitative and Quantitative Properties
## Qualitative and Quantitative Properties
> |Type|Definition|Example|
> |:---|:---------|:------|
> |Quantitative Property|A property that IS measured and has **```a numerical value```** |Ex. **```Temperature, height, mass, density```**|
> |Qualitative Property|A property that is NOT measured and has **```no numerical value```**|Ex. **```Colour, odor, texture```**|
|Type|Definition|Example|
|:---|:---------|:------|
|Quantitative Property|A property that IS measured and has **```a numerical value```** |Ex. **```Temperature, height, mass, density```**|
|Qualitative Property|A property that is NOT measured and has **```no numerical value```**|Ex. **```Colour, odor, texture```**|
> ## Quantitative physical Properties
> - **```Density```**: amount of ```stuff``` (or mass) per unit volume (g/cm<sup>3</sup>)
> - **```Freezing Point```**: point where water solidifies (0<sup>o</sup>C)
> - **```Melting Point```**: point where water liquefies (0<sup>o</sup>C)
> - **```Boiling Point```**: point where liquid phase becomes gaseous (100<sup>o</sup>C)
## Quantitative physical Properties
- **```Density```**: amount of ```stuff``` (or mass) per unit volume (g/cm<sup>3</sup>)
- **```Freezing Point```**: point where water solidifies (0<sup>o</sup>C)
- **```Melting Point```**: point where water liquefies (0<sup>o</sup>C)
- **```Boiling Point```**: point where liquid phase becomes gaseous (100<sup>o</sup>C)
>> ## Common Qualitative Physical Properties
## Common Qualitative Physical Properties
>> |Type|Definition|Example|
>> |:---|:---------|:------|
>> |Lustre|Shininess of dullness<br> Referred to as high or low lustre depending on the shininess||
>> |Clarity|The ability to allow light through|```Transparent``` (Glass) <br>```Translucent``` (Frosted Glass) <br>```Opaque``` (Brick)|
>> |Brittleness|Breakability or flexibility<br> Glass would be considered as brittle whereas slime/clay are flexible|
>> |Viscosity|The ability of a liquid or gas to resist flow or not pour readily through<br> Refer to as more or less viscous|Molasses is more viscous, water is less (gases tend to get"thicker as heated; liquids get runnier)|
>> |Hardness|The relative ability to scratch or be scratched by another substance<br> Referred to as high or low level of hardness| Can use a scale (1 is wax, 10 is diamond)|
>> |Malleability|the ability of a substance ```to be hammered``` into a thinner sheet or molded|Silver is malleable<br> Play dough/pizza dough is less<br> glass is not malleable|
>> |Ductility|the ability of a substance to be pulled into a finer strand|Pieces of copper can be drawn into thin wires, ductile|
>> |Electrical Conductivity|The ability of a substance to allow electric current to pass through it<br> Refer to as high and low conductivity|Copper wires have high conductivity<br> Plastic has no conductivity|
>> |Form: Crystalline Solid|Have their particles arranged in an orderly geometric pattern|Salt and Diamonods|
>> |Form: Amorphous Solid|Have their particles randomly distributed without any long-range-pattern|Plastic, Glass, Charcoal|
|Type|Definition|Example|
|:---|:---------|:------|
|Lustre|Shininess of dullness<br> Referred to as high or low lustre depending on the shininess||
|Clarity|The ability to allow light through|```Transparent``` (Glass) <br>```Translucent``` (Frosted Glass) <br>```Opaque``` (Brick)|
|Brittleness|Breakability or flexibility<br> Glass would be considered as brittle whereas slime/clay are flexible|
|Viscosity|The ability of a liquid or gas to resist flow or not pour readily through<br> Refer to as more or less viscous|Molasses is more viscous, water is less (gases tend to get"thicker as heated; liquids get runnier)|
|Hardness|The relative ability to scratch or be scratched by another substance<br> Referred to as high or low level of hardness| Can use a scale (1 is wax, 10 is diamond)|
|Malleability|the ability of a substance ```to be hammered``` into a thinner sheet or molded|Silver is malleable<br> Play dough/pizza dough is less<br> glass is not malleable|
|Ductility|the ability of a substance to be pulled into a finer strand|Pieces of copper can be drawn into thin wires, ductile|
|Electrical Conductivity|The ability of a substance to allow electric current to pass through it<br> Refer to as high and low conductivity|Copper wires have high conductivity<br> Plastic has no conductivity|
|Form: Crystalline Solid|Have their particles arranged in an orderly geometric pattern|Salt and Diamonods|
|Form: Amorphous Solid|Have their particles randomly distributed without any long-range-pattern|Plastic, Glass, Charcoal|
# Chemical Property
> A characteristic (property) of a substance that describes its ability to undergo ```changes to its composition to produce one of more new substances. AKA BEHAVIOUR. Everything has one!```
> ```Cannot be determined by physical properties```
- A characteristic (property) of a substance that describes its ability to undergo ```changes to its composition to produce one of more new substances. AKA BEHAVIOUR. Everything has one!```
- ```Cannot be determined by physical properties```
> E.g. ability of nails /cars to rust
> Firewors are explosive
- E.g. ability of nails /cars to rust
- Firewors are explosive
> Denim is resistant to soap, but is combustible
- Denim is resistant to soap, but is combustible
> Baking soda reacts with vinegar and cake ingredients to rise
- Baking soda reacts with vinegar and cake ingredients to rise
> Bacterial cultures convert milk to cheese, grapes to wine, cocoa to chocolate
- Bacterial cultures convert milk to cheese, grapes to wine, cocoa to chocolate
> CLR used to clean kettles, showerheads because it breaks down minerals
- CLR used to clean kettles, showerheads because it breaks down minerals
> Silver cleaner for tarnished jewellery, dishes because silver reacts with air to turn black
- Silver cleaner for tarnished jewellery, dishes because silver reacts with air to turn black
# Elements
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- For example, only five elements account for over 90% of the Earth's crust: oxygen, silicon, aluminum, iron and calcium.
# Naming
## Naming
1. Write cation (metal) first
2. Write anion (non-metal) second
3. Change the ending of the non-metal to ```ide```.
# Decomposition
## Decomposition
- A chemical change used t o break compounds down into simpler substances
- Energy must be ADDED
- Using electricity
- Adding thermal energy
# Catalyst
## Catalyst
- Substance that SPEEDS UP a chemical change without being consumed OR changed itself
# Use Of Hydrogen Peroxide
## Use Of Hydrogen Peroxide
- On cuts/scraps
- Blood has a catalyst = see bubbling O<sub>2</sub>
- Cleans contact lenses